Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate
A sustainable eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) in the marketed dosage form. BF in an aqueous medium of 0.10 N NaOH exhibits a maximum absorption at 273 nm that permits its direct estimation by zero-order spectro...
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Drug Analytical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/dar/article/view/146133 |
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| author | Safwan Ashour |
| author_facet | Safwan Ashour |
| author_sort | Safwan Ashour |
| collection | DOAJ |
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A sustainable eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) in the marketed dosage form. BF in an aqueous medium of 0.10 N NaOH exhibits a maximum absorption at 273 nm that permits its direct estimation by zero-order spectrophotometric method without any interference in a linear range of 1.66–190.0 μg mL-1 (r = 0.9999, n = 5) with detection and quantitation limits were 0.211 and 0.638 μg mL-1, respectively. The suggested method was successfully adopted to evaluate BF in bulk and tablets. The technique showed adequate precision, with a relative standard deviation value lower than 1.78%. Excellent values of accuracy were obtained, with a recovery mean value of 100.37%. The results indicated that the proposed method is highly efficient in determining the amount of BF in the tablets, which helps improve quality control and environmental improvement. Furthermore, the greenness and whiteness profile of the method was evaluated using different evaluation metrics; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, BAGI, and RGB12. The proposed spectrophotometric method was more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, productive, and practical than the reported HPLC-UV methods (BP and USP), as confirmed by the absence of consumption of chemical reagents and polluting organic solvents, reduced analysis stages, energy consumption, analysis time and low cost, making it a safer alternative to be considered.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8beee3b1e1234c76bb60be36d8fe0115 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2527-2616 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drug Analytical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8beee3b1e1234c76bb60be36d8fe01152025-08-20T03:12:57ZengUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulDrug Analytical Research2527-26162025-07-019110.22456/2527-2616.146133Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarateSafwan Ashour0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4206-6265University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye and University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria A sustainable eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of bisoprolol fumarate (BF) in the marketed dosage form. BF in an aqueous medium of 0.10 N NaOH exhibits a maximum absorption at 273 nm that permits its direct estimation by zero-order spectrophotometric method without any interference in a linear range of 1.66–190.0 μg mL-1 (r = 0.9999, n = 5) with detection and quantitation limits were 0.211 and 0.638 μg mL-1, respectively. The suggested method was successfully adopted to evaluate BF in bulk and tablets. The technique showed adequate precision, with a relative standard deviation value lower than 1.78%. Excellent values of accuracy were obtained, with a recovery mean value of 100.37%. The results indicated that the proposed method is highly efficient in determining the amount of BF in the tablets, which helps improve quality control and environmental improvement. Furthermore, the greenness and whiteness profile of the method was evaluated using different evaluation metrics; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, BAGI, and RGB12. The proposed spectrophotometric method was more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, productive, and practical than the reported HPLC-UV methods (BP and USP), as confirmed by the absence of consumption of chemical reagents and polluting organic solvents, reduced analysis stages, energy consumption, analysis time and low cost, making it a safer alternative to be considered. https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/dar/article/view/146133spectrophotometrybisoprolol fumarateeco-friendlytablets |
| spellingShingle | Safwan Ashour Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate Drug Analytical Research spectrophotometry bisoprolol fumarate eco-friendly tablets |
| title | Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| title_full | Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| title_fullStr | Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| title_short | Advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco-friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| title_sort | advances in quality control through the development of a more sustainable and eco friendly direct spectrophotometric method than pharmacopoeial methods for the determination of bisoprolol fumarate |
| topic | spectrophotometry bisoprolol fumarate eco-friendly tablets |
| url | https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/dar/article/view/146133 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT safwanashour advancesinqualitycontrolthroughthedevelopmentofamoresustainableandecofriendlydirectspectrophotometricmethodthanpharmacopoeialmethodsforthedeterminationofbisoprololfumarate |