Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases

Objectives: This research aims to design and develop a hierarchical embedded system that utilizes respiratory sound features for diagnosing COPD and other respiratory disorders. The system is engineered to achieve high accuracy and efficiency while minimizing energy consumption, making it suitable f...

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Main Authors: Trong-Thanh Han, Kien Le Trung, Phuong Nguyen Anh, Anh Do Trung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11014092/
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author Trong-Thanh Han
Kien Le Trung
Phuong Nguyen Anh
Anh Do Trung
author_facet Trong-Thanh Han
Kien Le Trung
Phuong Nguyen Anh
Anh Do Trung
author_sort Trong-Thanh Han
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: This research aims to design and develop a hierarchical embedded system that utilizes respiratory sound features for diagnosing COPD and other respiratory disorders. The system is engineered to achieve high accuracy and efficiency while minimizing energy consumption, making it suitable for deployment in mobile devices or embedded systems. Methods: Lung sounds are segmented into individual breathing cycles. Thirty-nine main respiratory features in the time and frequency domains are extracted and organized into four layers. The Random Forest algorithm and Artificial Neural Network are fine-tuned with the dataset and applied to disease classification. The first layer contains recorded information, while the second and third layers contain features extracted from fixed-length sound segments classified via Random Forest. The fourth layer utilizes Wavelet Transform to convert breathing patterns into Spectrogram images, which the Artificial Neural Network processes for disease diagnosis. The system is implemented on the Xilinx PYNQ-Ultra96-V2 FPGA development board. Results: The system achieves the highest accuracy of 98.81% for five disease classes: COPD, Healthy, URTI, Bronchitis, and Pneumonia, and saves 52.5% of energy consumption compared to CPU-GPU-based traditional methods. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in diagnosing COPD and other respiratory disorders. The hierarchical embedded system is designed with high accuracy and energy efficiency, with potential real-world applications to support clinical diagnosis.
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spelling doaj-art-8be72e67e07b4b78940212708668fbff2025-08-20T03:06:04ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113930179303210.1109/ACCESS.2025.357316211014092Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory DiseasesTrong-Thanh Han0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-9529Kien Le Trung1https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6132-5546Phuong Nguyen Anh2Anh Do Trung3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-3198School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, VietnamSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, VietnamSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, VietnamDepartment of Science and Technology Management and International Cooperation, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Hanoi, VietnamObjectives: This research aims to design and develop a hierarchical embedded system that utilizes respiratory sound features for diagnosing COPD and other respiratory disorders. The system is engineered to achieve high accuracy and efficiency while minimizing energy consumption, making it suitable for deployment in mobile devices or embedded systems. Methods: Lung sounds are segmented into individual breathing cycles. Thirty-nine main respiratory features in the time and frequency domains are extracted and organized into four layers. The Random Forest algorithm and Artificial Neural Network are fine-tuned with the dataset and applied to disease classification. The first layer contains recorded information, while the second and third layers contain features extracted from fixed-length sound segments classified via Random Forest. The fourth layer utilizes Wavelet Transform to convert breathing patterns into Spectrogram images, which the Artificial Neural Network processes for disease diagnosis. The system is implemented on the Xilinx PYNQ-Ultra96-V2 FPGA development board. Results: The system achieves the highest accuracy of 98.81% for five disease classes: COPD, Healthy, URTI, Bronchitis, and Pneumonia, and saves 52.5% of energy consumption compared to CPU-GPU-based traditional methods. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in diagnosing COPD and other respiratory disorders. The hierarchical embedded system is designed with high accuracy and energy efficiency, with potential real-world applications to support clinical diagnosis.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11014092/FPGArespiratory disease diagnosisrespiratory soundsignal transformation and parallel computing
spellingShingle Trong-Thanh Han
Kien Le Trung
Phuong Nguyen Anh
Anh Do Trung
Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
IEEE Access
FPGA
respiratory disease diagnosis
respiratory sound
signal transformation and parallel computing
title Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
title_full Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
title_fullStr Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
title_short Hierarchical Embedded System Based on FPGA for Classification of Respiratory Diseases
title_sort hierarchical embedded system based on fpga for classification of respiratory diseases
topic FPGA
respiratory disease diagnosis
respiratory sound
signal transformation and parallel computing
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11014092/
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AT phuongnguyenanh hierarchicalembeddedsystembasedonfpgaforclassificationofrespiratorydiseases
AT anhdotrung hierarchicalembeddedsystembasedonfpgaforclassificationofrespiratorydiseases