Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO

In this paper, a novel technical route, namely combining the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) and variable compression ratio (VCR), is proposed to address the inferior fuel economy for marine dual-fuel engines of low-pressure gas injection in diesel mode. To validate the applicability...

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Main Authors: Haosheng Shen, Daoyi Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/765
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author Haosheng Shen
Daoyi Lu
author_facet Haosheng Shen
Daoyi Lu
author_sort Haosheng Shen
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, a novel technical route, namely combining the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) and variable compression ratio (VCR), is proposed to address the inferior fuel economy for marine dual-fuel engines of low-pressure gas injection in diesel mode. To validate the applicability of the proposed technical route, firstly, a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional (0-D/1-D) engine simulation model with a predictive combustion model DI-Pulse is established using GT-Power. Then, parametric investigations on two LP-EGR schemes, which is implemented with either a back-pressure valve (LP-EGR-BV) or a blower (LP-EGR-BL), are performed to qualitatively identify the combined impacts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and compression ratio (CR) on the combustion process, turbocharging system, and nitrogen oxides (NOx)-brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) trade-offs. Finally, an optimization strategy is formulated, and an optimization program based on response surface methodology (RSM)–particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed with the aim of improving fuel economy while meeting Tier III and various constraint conditions. The results of the parametric investigations reveal that the two LP-EGR schemes exhibit opposite impacts on the turbocharging system. Compared with the LP-EGR-BV, the LP-EGR-BL can achieve a higher in-cylinder pressure level. NOx-BSFC trade-offs are observed for both LP-EGR schemes, and the VCR is confirmed to be a viable approach for mitigating the penalty on BSFC caused by EGR. The optimization results reveal that for LP-EGR-BV, compared with the baseline engine, the optimized BSFC decreases by 10.16%, 11.95%, 10.32%, and 9.68% at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% maximum continuous rating (MCR), respectively, whereas, for the LP-EGR-BL scheme, the optimized BSFC decreases by 10.11%, 11.93%, 9.93%, and 9.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding NOx emissions level improves from meeting Tier II regulations (14.4 g/kW·h) to meeting Tier III regulations (3.4 g/kW·h). It is roughly estimated that compared to the original engine, both LP-EGR schemes achieve an approximate reduction of 240 tons in annual fuel consumption and save annual fuel costs by over USD 100,000. Although similar fuel economy is obtained for both LP-EGR schemes, LP-EGR-BV is superior to LP-EGR-BL in terms of structure complexity, initial cost, maintenance cost, installation space requirement, and power consumption. The findings of this study provide meaningful theoretical supports for the implementation of the proposed technical route in real-world engines.
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spelling doaj-art-8bde1b488bc443cd948cd02995544c752025-08-20T02:28:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-04-0113476510.3390/jmse13040765Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSOHaosheng Shen0Daoyi Lu1Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaMarine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaIn this paper, a novel technical route, namely combining the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) and variable compression ratio (VCR), is proposed to address the inferior fuel economy for marine dual-fuel engines of low-pressure gas injection in diesel mode. To validate the applicability of the proposed technical route, firstly, a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional (0-D/1-D) engine simulation model with a predictive combustion model DI-Pulse is established using GT-Power. Then, parametric investigations on two LP-EGR schemes, which is implemented with either a back-pressure valve (LP-EGR-BV) or a blower (LP-EGR-BL), are performed to qualitatively identify the combined impacts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and compression ratio (CR) on the combustion process, turbocharging system, and nitrogen oxides (NOx)-brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) trade-offs. Finally, an optimization strategy is formulated, and an optimization program based on response surface methodology (RSM)–particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed with the aim of improving fuel economy while meeting Tier III and various constraint conditions. The results of the parametric investigations reveal that the two LP-EGR schemes exhibit opposite impacts on the turbocharging system. Compared with the LP-EGR-BV, the LP-EGR-BL can achieve a higher in-cylinder pressure level. NOx-BSFC trade-offs are observed for both LP-EGR schemes, and the VCR is confirmed to be a viable approach for mitigating the penalty on BSFC caused by EGR. The optimization results reveal that for LP-EGR-BV, compared with the baseline engine, the optimized BSFC decreases by 10.16%, 11.95%, 10.32%, and 9.68% at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% maximum continuous rating (MCR), respectively, whereas, for the LP-EGR-BL scheme, the optimized BSFC decreases by 10.11%, 11.93%, 9.93%, and 9.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding NOx emissions level improves from meeting Tier II regulations (14.4 g/kW·h) to meeting Tier III regulations (3.4 g/kW·h). It is roughly estimated that compared to the original engine, both LP-EGR schemes achieve an approximate reduction of 240 tons in annual fuel consumption and save annual fuel costs by over USD 100,000. Although similar fuel economy is obtained for both LP-EGR schemes, LP-EGR-BV is superior to LP-EGR-BL in terms of structure complexity, initial cost, maintenance cost, installation space requirement, and power consumption. The findings of this study provide meaningful theoretical supports for the implementation of the proposed technical route in real-world engines.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/765marine two-stroke dual-fuel enginelow-pressure exhaust gas recirculationvariable compression ratiooptimizationNOx-BSFC trade-off
spellingShingle Haosheng Shen
Daoyi Lu
Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
marine two-stroke dual-fuel engine
low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation
variable compression ratio
optimization
NOx-BSFC trade-off
title Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
title_full Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
title_fullStr Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
title_short Numerical Investigation of the Applicability of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation Combined with Variable Compression Ratio in a Marine Two-Stroke Dual-Fuel Engine and Performance Optimization Based on RSM-PSO
title_sort numerical investigation of the applicability of low pressure exhaust gas recirculation combined with variable compression ratio in a marine two stroke dual fuel engine and performance optimization based on rsm pso
topic marine two-stroke dual-fuel engine
low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation
variable compression ratio
optimization
NOx-BSFC trade-off
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/765
work_keys_str_mv AT haoshengshen numericalinvestigationoftheapplicabilityoflowpressureexhaustgasrecirculationcombinedwithvariablecompressionratioinamarinetwostrokedualfuelengineandperformanceoptimizationbasedonrsmpso
AT daoyilu numericalinvestigationoftheapplicabilityoflowpressureexhaustgasrecirculationcombinedwithvariablecompressionratioinamarinetwostrokedualfuelengineandperformanceoptimizationbasedonrsmpso