Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer prized for its remarkable water absorption, nanoscale fiber architecture, mechanical robustness, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for diverse applications. Despite its potential, the high cost of conventional fermentation media limits BC’s s...

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Main Authors: Cláudia Mouro, Arlindo Gomes, Ana P. Gomes, Isabel C. Gouveia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/4/271
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author Cláudia Mouro
Arlindo Gomes
Ana P. Gomes
Isabel C. Gouveia
author_facet Cláudia Mouro
Arlindo Gomes
Ana P. Gomes
Isabel C. Gouveia
author_sort Cláudia Mouro
collection DOAJ
description Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer prized for its remarkable water absorption, nanoscale fiber architecture, mechanical robustness, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for diverse applications. Despite its potential, the high cost of conventional fermentation media limits BC’s scalability and wider commercial use. This study investigates an economical solution by utilizing fractions from fruit processing wastewater, refined through sequential membrane fractionation, as a supplement to commercial HS medium for BC production. BC films were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and assessments of mechanical properties and water holding capacity (WHC). FTIR confirmed the BC structure, while TEM validated its nanofibrillar 3D network. XRD analysis revealed a slight increasing trend in crystallinity with the addition of wastewater fractions, and DSC revealed a slight increase in thermal stability for F#6. Adding these fractions notably improved the BC films’ tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and WHC. Overall, the results underscore that fruit processing wastewater fractions can serve as a cost-efficient, eco-friendly alternative to traditional fermentation media. This approach supports circular economy principles by lowering reliance on intensive wastewater treatments, promoting waste valorization, and advancing sustainable production methods for high-value biopolymers.
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issn 2079-4991
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj-art-8bdd2f80de5149a78b1dbd45c2488c832025-08-20T03:12:19ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-02-0115427110.3390/nano15040271Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater FeedstocksCláudia Mouro0Arlindo Gomes1Ana P. Gomes2Isabel C. Gouveia3Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, PortugalFibEnTech Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, PortugalAeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, PortugalAeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, PortugalBacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer prized for its remarkable water absorption, nanoscale fiber architecture, mechanical robustness, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for diverse applications. Despite its potential, the high cost of conventional fermentation media limits BC’s scalability and wider commercial use. This study investigates an economical solution by utilizing fractions from fruit processing wastewater, refined through sequential membrane fractionation, as a supplement to commercial HS medium for BC production. BC films were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and assessments of mechanical properties and water holding capacity (WHC). FTIR confirmed the BC structure, while TEM validated its nanofibrillar 3D network. XRD analysis revealed a slight increasing trend in crystallinity with the addition of wastewater fractions, and DSC revealed a slight increase in thermal stability for F#6. Adding these fractions notably improved the BC films’ tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and WHC. Overall, the results underscore that fruit processing wastewater fractions can serve as a cost-efficient, eco-friendly alternative to traditional fermentation media. This approach supports circular economy principles by lowering reliance on intensive wastewater treatments, promoting waste valorization, and advancing sustainable production methods for high-value biopolymers.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/4/271bacterial cellulosefermentationlow-cost feedstockmembrane fractionationmembrane separation technologyfruit processing wastewater
spellingShingle Cláudia Mouro
Arlindo Gomes
Ana P. Gomes
Isabel C. Gouveia
Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
Nanomaterials
bacterial cellulose
fermentation
low-cost feedstock
membrane fractionation
membrane separation technology
fruit processing wastewater
title Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
title_full Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
title_fullStr Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
title_short Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production Using Low-Cost Fruit Wastewater Feedstocks
title_sort sustainable bacterial cellulose production using low cost fruit wastewater feedstocks
topic bacterial cellulose
fermentation
low-cost feedstock
membrane fractionation
membrane separation technology
fruit processing wastewater
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/4/271
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AT anapgomes sustainablebacterialcelluloseproductionusinglowcostfruitwastewaterfeedstocks
AT isabelcgouveia sustainablebacterialcelluloseproductionusinglowcostfruitwastewaterfeedstocks