Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty

The large-scale integration of new energy is an inevitable trend to achieve the low-carbon transformation of power systems. However, the strong randomness of wind power, photovoltaic power, and loads poses severe challenges to the safe and stable operation of systems. Existing studies demonstrate in...

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Main Authors: Guangxiu Yu, Ping Zhou, Zhenzhong Zhao, Yiheng Liang, Weijun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4011
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author Guangxiu Yu
Ping Zhou
Zhenzhong Zhao
Yiheng Liang
Weijun Wang
author_facet Guangxiu Yu
Ping Zhou
Zhenzhong Zhao
Yiheng Liang
Weijun Wang
author_sort Guangxiu Yu
collection DOAJ
description The large-scale integration of new energy is an inevitable trend to achieve the low-carbon transformation of power systems. However, the strong randomness of wind power, photovoltaic power, and loads poses severe challenges to the safe and stable operation of systems. Existing studies demonstrate insufficient integration and handling of source-load bilateral uncertainties in wind–solar–fossil fuel storage complementary systems, resulting in difficulties in balancing economy and low-carbon performance in their energy storage configuration. To address this insufficiency, this study proposes an optimal energy storage configuration method considering source-load uncertainties. Firstly, a deterministic bi-level model is constructed: the upper level aims to minimize the comprehensive cost of the system to determine the energy storage capacity and power, and the lower level aims to minimize the system operation cost to solve the optimal scheduling scheme. Then, wind and solar output, as well as loads, are treated as fuzzy variables based on fuzzy chance constraints, and uncertainty constraints are transformed using clear equivalence class processing to establish a bi-level optimization model that considers uncertainties. A differential evolution algorithm and CPLEX are used for solving the upper and lower levels, respectively. Simulation verification in a certain region shows that the proposed method reduces comprehensive cost by 8.9%, operation cost by 10.3%, the curtailment rate of wind and solar energy by 8.92%, and carbon emissions by 3.51%, which significantly improves the economy and low-carbon performance of the system and provides a reference for the future planning and operation of energy systems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-8bdcac2cf253427d811e37fb9baaf1ca2025-08-20T03:36:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011815401110.3390/en18154011Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load UncertaintyGuangxiu Yu0Ping Zhou1Zhenzhong Zhao2Yiheng Liang3Weijun Wang4State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute, Chengdu 610095, ChinaState Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute, Chengdu 610095, ChinaState Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Tianfu New Area Power Supply Company, Chengdu 610093, ChinaDepartment of Economic Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, ChinaDepartment of Economic Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, ChinaThe large-scale integration of new energy is an inevitable trend to achieve the low-carbon transformation of power systems. However, the strong randomness of wind power, photovoltaic power, and loads poses severe challenges to the safe and stable operation of systems. Existing studies demonstrate insufficient integration and handling of source-load bilateral uncertainties in wind–solar–fossil fuel storage complementary systems, resulting in difficulties in balancing economy and low-carbon performance in their energy storage configuration. To address this insufficiency, this study proposes an optimal energy storage configuration method considering source-load uncertainties. Firstly, a deterministic bi-level model is constructed: the upper level aims to minimize the comprehensive cost of the system to determine the energy storage capacity and power, and the lower level aims to minimize the system operation cost to solve the optimal scheduling scheme. Then, wind and solar output, as well as loads, are treated as fuzzy variables based on fuzzy chance constraints, and uncertainty constraints are transformed using clear equivalence class processing to establish a bi-level optimization model that considers uncertainties. A differential evolution algorithm and CPLEX are used for solving the upper and lower levels, respectively. Simulation verification in a certain region shows that the proposed method reduces comprehensive cost by 8.9%, operation cost by 10.3%, the curtailment rate of wind and solar energy by 8.92%, and carbon emissions by 3.51%, which significantly improves the economy and low-carbon performance of the system and provides a reference for the future planning and operation of energy systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4011source-load uncertaintyfuzzy chance constraintscomplementary energy systemsenergy storage allocationtwo-tier optimization
spellingShingle Guangxiu Yu
Ping Zhou
Zhenzhong Zhao
Yiheng Liang
Weijun Wang
Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
Energies
source-load uncertainty
fuzzy chance constraints
complementary energy systems
energy storage allocation
two-tier optimization
title Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
title_full Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
title_fullStr Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
title_full_unstemmed Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
title_short Energy Storage Configuration Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Thermal Complementary Energy System, Considering Source-Load Uncertainty
title_sort energy storage configuration optimization of a wind solar thermal complementary energy system considering source load uncertainty
topic source-load uncertainty
fuzzy chance constraints
complementary energy systems
energy storage allocation
two-tier optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4011
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AT yihengliang energystorageconfigurationoptimizationofawindsolarthermalcomplementaryenergysystemconsideringsourceloaduncertainty
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