Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways

<i>Background/Objectives</i>: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to hypoxia, amplification of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a rad...

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Main Authors: Çağrı Balci, Mustafa S. Özcan, Halil Aşci, Pınar Karabacak, Oya Kuruşçu, Rümeysa Taner, Özlem Özmen, Muhammet Y. Tepebaşi, İlter İlhan, Selçuk Çömlekçi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/238
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author Çağrı Balci
Mustafa S. Özcan
Halil Aşci
Pınar Karabacak
Oya Kuruşçu
Rümeysa Taner
Özlem Özmen
Muhammet Y. Tepebaşi
İlter İlhan
Selçuk Çömlekçi
author_facet Çağrı Balci
Mustafa S. Özcan
Halil Aşci
Pınar Karabacak
Oya Kuruşçu
Rümeysa Taner
Özlem Özmen
Muhammet Y. Tepebaşi
İlter İlhan
Selçuk Çömlekçi
author_sort Çağrı Balci
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background/Objectives</i>: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to hypoxia, amplification of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on acute kidney injury in rats. <i>Materials and methods</i>: Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (each containing eight rats): control, LPS, RF-EMF, PMF, and RF-EMF + PMF groups. Six hours after LPS application, blood and tissues were removed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic analysis. <i>Results</i>: Histopathological findings, caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoexpressions, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels, and interleukin-6, hypoxia-inducible factor alpha, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase 9 gene expression in kidney tissue and blood urine nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood were increased, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase and B-cell lymphoma 2 gene expression were decreased in the LPS groups. Both RF-EMF and PMF reversed all these findings and recovered renal tissues. <i>Conclusions</i>: Noninvasive, nontoxic, low-cost PMF and RF-EMF, both single and combined, have been demonstrated to have renoprotective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.
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spelling doaj-art-8bdbb2bcdad74383917e1ccbe2c3aad52025-08-20T02:44:56ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-01-0161223810.3390/medicina61020238Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 PathwaysÇağrı Balci0Mustafa S. Özcan1Halil Aşci2Pınar Karabacak3Oya Kuruşçu4Rümeysa Taner5Özlem Özmen6Muhammet Y. Tepebaşi7İlter İlhan8Selçuk Çömlekçi9Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15200 Burdur, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey<i>Background/Objectives</i>: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is related to hypoxia, amplification of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on acute kidney injury in rats. <i>Materials and methods</i>: Forty female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (each containing eight rats): control, LPS, RF-EMF, PMF, and RF-EMF + PMF groups. Six hours after LPS application, blood and tissues were removed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic analysis. <i>Results</i>: Histopathological findings, caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoexpressions, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels, and interleukin-6, hypoxia-inducible factor alpha, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and caspase 9 gene expression in kidney tissue and blood urine nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood were increased, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase and B-cell lymphoma 2 gene expression were decreased in the LPS groups. Both RF-EMF and PMF reversed all these findings and recovered renal tissues. <i>Conclusions</i>: Noninvasive, nontoxic, low-cost PMF and RF-EMF, both single and combined, have been demonstrated to have renoprotective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/238acute kidney injuryinflammationpulsed magnetic field (PMF)radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF)sepsis
spellingShingle Çağrı Balci
Mustafa S. Özcan
Halil Aşci
Pınar Karabacak
Oya Kuruşçu
Rümeysa Taner
Özlem Özmen
Muhammet Y. Tepebaşi
İlter İlhan
Selçuk Çömlekçi
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
Medicina
acute kidney injury
inflammation
pulsed magnetic field (PMF)
radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF)
sepsis
title Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
title_full Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
title_fullStr Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
title_full_unstemmed Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
title_short Radiofrequency Electromagnetic and Pulsed Magnetic Fields Protected the Kidney Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis by Regulating the IL-6/HIF1α/eNOS and Bcl2/Bax/Cas-9 Pathways
title_sort radiofrequency electromagnetic and pulsed magnetic fields protected the kidney against lipopolysaccharide induced acute systemic inflammation oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating the il 6 hif1α enos and bcl2 bax cas 9 pathways
topic acute kidney injury
inflammation
pulsed magnetic field (PMF)
radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF)
sepsis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/238
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