Effective strings in QED3

Abstract Effective string theory describes the physics of long confining strings in theories, like Yang-Mills theory, where the mass gap M gap 2 $$ {M}_{\textrm{gap}}^2 $$ is of the same order as the string tension T. In 2 + 1 dimensions, there is a class of confining theories, including massive QED...

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Main Authors: Ofer Aharony, Netanel Barel, Tal Sheaffer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)143
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author Ofer Aharony
Netanel Barel
Tal Sheaffer
author_facet Ofer Aharony
Netanel Barel
Tal Sheaffer
author_sort Ofer Aharony
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Effective string theory describes the physics of long confining strings in theories, like Yang-Mills theory, where the mass gap M gap 2 $$ {M}_{\textrm{gap}}^2 $$ is of the same order as the string tension T. In 2 + 1 dimensions, there is a class of confining theories, including massive QED3 as first analyzed by Polyakov, for which M gap 2 $$ {M}_{\textrm{gap}}^2 $$ ≪ T. These theories are weakly coupled at low energies of order M gap, and may be analyzed perturbatively. In this paper, we analyze the physics of strings in such theories, focusing on QED3, at energies of order M gap (but still well below T $$ \sqrt{T} $$ ). We argue that the width of the string in these theories should be of order 1/M gap independently of its length, as long as the string is not exponentially long. We also compute at leading order in perturbation theory the ground state energy of a confining string on a circle, and the scattering of Nambu-Goldstone bosons on the string worldsheet.
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spelling doaj-art-8bd5ec8bf78d4ab7ad2c476f1ed67b592025-08-20T02:11:55ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-03-012025317110.1007/JHEP03(2025)143Effective strings in QED3Ofer Aharony0Netanel Barel1Tal Sheaffer2Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceAbstract Effective string theory describes the physics of long confining strings in theories, like Yang-Mills theory, where the mass gap M gap 2 $$ {M}_{\textrm{gap}}^2 $$ is of the same order as the string tension T. In 2 + 1 dimensions, there is a class of confining theories, including massive QED3 as first analyzed by Polyakov, for which M gap 2 $$ {M}_{\textrm{gap}}^2 $$ ≪ T. These theories are weakly coupled at low energies of order M gap, and may be analyzed perturbatively. In this paper, we analyze the physics of strings in such theories, focusing on QED3, at energies of order M gap (but still well below T $$ \sqrt{T} $$ ). We argue that the width of the string in these theories should be of order 1/M gap independently of its length, as long as the string is not exponentially long. We also compute at leading order in perturbation theory the ground state energy of a confining string on a circle, and the scattering of Nambu-Goldstone bosons on the string worldsheet.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)143ConfinementEffective Field TheoriesRenormalization and Regularization
spellingShingle Ofer Aharony
Netanel Barel
Tal Sheaffer
Effective strings in QED3
Journal of High Energy Physics
Confinement
Effective Field Theories
Renormalization and Regularization
title Effective strings in QED3
title_full Effective strings in QED3
title_fullStr Effective strings in QED3
title_full_unstemmed Effective strings in QED3
title_short Effective strings in QED3
title_sort effective strings in qed3
topic Confinement
Effective Field Theories
Renormalization and Regularization
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2025)143
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