3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production

This study investigates the optimization of an off-grid system for supplying electrical load and domestic hot water (DHW) to a building using geothermal energy. The system generates power through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), with excess energy directed to an electrolyzer for hydrogen production....

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Main Authors: A. Mokhtari, M. Jalalvand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Energy Conversion and Management: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525001357
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author A. Mokhtari
M. Jalalvand
author_facet A. Mokhtari
M. Jalalvand
author_sort A. Mokhtari
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the optimization of an off-grid system for supplying electrical load and domestic hot water (DHW) to a building using geothermal energy. The system generates power through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), with excess energy directed to an electrolyzer for hydrogen production. A residential complex in Tabriz, Iran, with 408 occupants, was selected as the case study, leveraging the availability of geothermal power. Three ORC configurations—basic ORC, ORC with reheater (RHORC), and regenerative ORC (RORC) were optimized in terms of energy, exergy, and economy. The optimization process utilized the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), aiming to maximize energy and exergy efficiency, hydrogen production, and minimize levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) and hydrogen (LCOH), while ensuring that electrical and DHW demands are met. The results demonstrate that the RORC configuration outperforms the other two cycles in all aspects: it produces 44.45 % more power than RHORC and 47.86 % more than ORC, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 49.03 % and 47.01 %, respectively. Furthermore, RORC generates significantly more hydrogen 63.81 % more than RHORC and 69.37 % more than ORC. Additionally, RORC has the lowest LCOE (4.52 cent. kWh−1) and LCOH (2.69 cent. kWh−1).
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publisher Elsevier
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series Energy Conversion and Management: X
spelling doaj-art-8bcd0ca0a67445aabe50af0042bebe102025-08-20T02:31:56ZengElsevierEnergy Conversion and Management: X2590-17452025-04-012610100310.1016/j.ecmx.2025.1010033E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen productionA. Mokhtari0M. Jalalvand1Department of Flight and Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Flight and Engineering, Imam Ali University, Tehran, IranThis study investigates the optimization of an off-grid system for supplying electrical load and domestic hot water (DHW) to a building using geothermal energy. The system generates power through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), with excess energy directed to an electrolyzer for hydrogen production. A residential complex in Tabriz, Iran, with 408 occupants, was selected as the case study, leveraging the availability of geothermal power. Three ORC configurations—basic ORC, ORC with reheater (RHORC), and regenerative ORC (RORC) were optimized in terms of energy, exergy, and economy. The optimization process utilized the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), aiming to maximize energy and exergy efficiency, hydrogen production, and minimize levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) and hydrogen (LCOH), while ensuring that electrical and DHW demands are met. The results demonstrate that the RORC configuration outperforms the other two cycles in all aspects: it produces 44.45 % more power than RHORC and 47.86 % more than ORC, with energy and exergy efficiencies of 49.03 % and 47.01 %, respectively. Furthermore, RORC generates significantly more hydrogen 63.81 % more than RHORC and 69.37 % more than ORC. Additionally, RORC has the lowest LCOE (4.52 cent. kWh−1) and LCOH (2.69 cent. kWh−1).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525001357Geothermal energyOrganic Rankine CycleMulti objective optimizationHydrogen production3E analysis
spellingShingle A. Mokhtari
M. Jalalvand
3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
Energy Conversion and Management: X
Geothermal energy
Organic Rankine Cycle
Multi objective optimization
Hydrogen production
3E analysis
title 3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
title_full 3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
title_fullStr 3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
title_full_unstemmed 3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
title_short 3E multi-objective optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle configurations for a geothermal off-grid system: Power, DHW, and hydrogen production
title_sort 3e multi objective optimization of organic rankine cycle configurations for a geothermal off grid system power dhw and hydrogen production
topic Geothermal energy
Organic Rankine Cycle
Multi objective optimization
Hydrogen production
3E analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525001357
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AT mjalalvand 3emultiobjectiveoptimizationoforganicrankinecycleconfigurationsforageothermaloffgridsystempowerdhwandhydrogenproduction