Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an emerging zoonosis in Europe, with limited data available from Spain. This study aimed to quantify HGA cases in the Spanish National Health System over the last 26 years, assess its evolution, and evaluate the impact in terms of hospital stay and cost. A re...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Hugo Almeida Montserrat Alonso-Sardón Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso Amparo López-Bernus Ángela Romero-Alegría Virginia Velasco-Tirado Antonio Muro Moncef Belhassen-García |
| author_facet | Hugo Almeida Montserrat Alonso-Sardón Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso Amparo López-Bernus Ángela Romero-Alegría Virginia Velasco-Tirado Antonio Muro Moncef Belhassen-García |
| author_sort | Hugo Almeida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an emerging zoonosis in Europe, with limited data available from Spain. This study aimed to quantify HGA cases in the Spanish National Health System over the last 26 years, assess its evolution, and evaluate the impact in terms of hospital stay and cost. A retrospective observational case series was conducted using the Minimal Basic Data Set (MBDS, CMBD in Spanish). Hospitalized patients with ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 codes for anaplasmosis from 1997 to 2022 were included. Ten HGA cases were reported. The incidence remained stable at one case per year [IR = 0.021 cases/million person-years], except in 2018 [IR = 0.048]. Six patients (60%) were men, with a mean age of 49 years (±20.9). Hospital stays ranged from 3 to 13 days. The total cost was EUR 45,540.57, with an average cost of EUR 4554.06 (±1032.16) per case. All patients had favorable outcomes. HGA has a low incidence in Spain, with moderate associated costs. Despite its emergence, its economic and health impact remains manageable, underscoring the effectiveness of Spain’s healthcare system. Continued surveillance and prevention are essential to address evolving vector-borne diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8bc1dbcaf37b46178c40b907b7cb512a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-8bc1dbcaf37b46178c40b907b7cb512a2025-08-20T02:47:18ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662025-06-0110718310.3390/tropicalmed10070183Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022Hugo Almeida0Montserrat Alonso-Sardón1Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso2Amparo López-Bernus3Ángela Romero-Alegría4Virginia Velasco-Tirado5Antonio Muro6Moncef Belhassen-García7Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS), Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainÁrea de Medicina Preventiva, Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainServicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainServicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, HUS, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, SpainServicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainServicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainGrupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainServicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainHuman granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an emerging zoonosis in Europe, with limited data available from Spain. This study aimed to quantify HGA cases in the Spanish National Health System over the last 26 years, assess its evolution, and evaluate the impact in terms of hospital stay and cost. A retrospective observational case series was conducted using the Minimal Basic Data Set (MBDS, CMBD in Spanish). Hospitalized patients with ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 codes for anaplasmosis from 1997 to 2022 were included. Ten HGA cases were reported. The incidence remained stable at one case per year [IR = 0.021 cases/million person-years], except in 2018 [IR = 0.048]. Six patients (60%) were men, with a mean age of 49 years (±20.9). Hospital stays ranged from 3 to 13 days. The total cost was EUR 45,540.57, with an average cost of EUR 4554.06 (±1032.16) per case. All patients had favorable outcomes. HGA has a low incidence in Spain, with moderate associated costs. Despite its emergence, its economic and health impact remains manageable, underscoring the effectiveness of Spain’s healthcare system. Continued surveillance and prevention are essential to address evolving vector-borne diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/7/183human granulocytic anaplasmosistick-borne diseaseszoonosisepidemiologySpain |
| spellingShingle | Hugo Almeida Montserrat Alonso-Sardón Beatriz Rodríguez-Alonso Amparo López-Bernus Ángela Romero-Alegría Virginia Velasco-Tirado Antonio Muro Moncef Belhassen-García Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis tick-borne diseases zoonosis epidemiology Spain |
| title | Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| title_full | Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| title_short | Impact of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| title_sort | impact of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in spain from 1997 to 2022 |
| topic | human granulocytic anaplasmosis tick-borne diseases zoonosis epidemiology Spain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/7/183 |
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