Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens
Abstract Mastitis is a common and complex disease, mainly caused by aureus and non-aureus species, and Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a new and serious group of Gram-positive bacteria, the sporulating bacilli, has emerged as a mastitis pathogen. The study aimed to identify and characterize novel Baci...
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SpringerOpen
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00666-2 |
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| author | Diptimayee Acharya Puspanjali Parida Himansu Sekhara Mohapatra Subhasmita Mallik Jatindra Nath Mohanty Santi Lata Sahoo |
| author_facet | Diptimayee Acharya Puspanjali Parida Himansu Sekhara Mohapatra Subhasmita Mallik Jatindra Nath Mohanty Santi Lata Sahoo |
| author_sort | Diptimayee Acharya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Mastitis is a common and complex disease, mainly caused by aureus and non-aureus species, and Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a new and serious group of Gram-positive bacteria, the sporulating bacilli, has emerged as a mastitis pathogen. The study aimed to identify and characterize novel Bacillus strains (HSM85, SLS01, and DA03) associated with bovine mastitis and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Ricinus communis (castor) leaf extract against these pathogens. In methodology, Bacillus strains were isolated from milk samples of mastitis-infected cows, and the antimicrobial activity of different solvent-based leaf extract fractions was assessed using MIC, MBC, killing and biofilm inhibition assays, and GC–MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. In result we found, the chloroform (non-polar) fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by the ethanol (polar) fraction. MIC and MBC values ranged from 25 to 200 and 25–400 µg/ml, respectively. Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited at ½ MIC, while control cells entered log phase within 4 h. Assays (MIC, MBC, MBC/MIC ≤ 4, killing, biofilm inhibition, and nucleic acid leakage) confirmed the bactericidal potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus strains. GC–MS analysis revealed 48–53 peaks across solvent extracts, identifying dominant compounds like phytol, phytyl palmitate, and tetracontane, with some solvent-specific presence. Ricinus communis leaf extract showed strong bactericidal activity against emerging Bacillus strains causing bovine mastitis, with the chloroform fraction showing the highest efficacy. Its bioactive compounds and multi-target properties suggest its potential as a natural alternative for managing mastitis in dairy cattle. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8bb5f7d6be4642b0adbe582fa29479b5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2314-8543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-8bb5f7d6be4642b0adbe582fa29479b52025-08-20T03:06:01ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432025-08-0114111810.1186/s43088-025-00666-2Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogensDiptimayee Acharya0Puspanjali Parida1Himansu Sekhara Mohapatra2Subhasmita Mallik3Jatindra Nath Mohanty4Santi Lata Sahoo5Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo UniversityMaharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo UniversityKendrapara Autonomous CollegeCenturion University of Technology and ManagementCenturion University of Technology and ManagementUtkal UniversityAbstract Mastitis is a common and complex disease, mainly caused by aureus and non-aureus species, and Enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a new and serious group of Gram-positive bacteria, the sporulating bacilli, has emerged as a mastitis pathogen. The study aimed to identify and characterize novel Bacillus strains (HSM85, SLS01, and DA03) associated with bovine mastitis and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Ricinus communis (castor) leaf extract against these pathogens. In methodology, Bacillus strains were isolated from milk samples of mastitis-infected cows, and the antimicrobial activity of different solvent-based leaf extract fractions was assessed using MIC, MBC, killing and biofilm inhibition assays, and GC–MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds. In result we found, the chloroform (non-polar) fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by the ethanol (polar) fraction. MIC and MBC values ranged from 25 to 200 and 25–400 µg/ml, respectively. Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited at ½ MIC, while control cells entered log phase within 4 h. Assays (MIC, MBC, MBC/MIC ≤ 4, killing, biofilm inhibition, and nucleic acid leakage) confirmed the bactericidal potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus strains. GC–MS analysis revealed 48–53 peaks across solvent extracts, identifying dominant compounds like phytol, phytyl palmitate, and tetracontane, with some solvent-specific presence. Ricinus communis leaf extract showed strong bactericidal activity against emerging Bacillus strains causing bovine mastitis, with the chloroform fraction showing the highest efficacy. Its bioactive compounds and multi-target properties suggest its potential as a natural alternative for managing mastitis in dairy cattle.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00666-2BacillusMastitisRicinus communisLeaf extractAntibacterialGC–MS analysis |
| spellingShingle | Diptimayee Acharya Puspanjali Parida Himansu Sekhara Mohapatra Subhasmita Mallik Jatindra Nath Mohanty Santi Lata Sahoo Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Bacillus Mastitis Ricinus communis Leaf extract Antibacterial GC–MS analysis |
| title | Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens |
| title_full | Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens |
| title_short | Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of Ricinus communis leaf extract against novel Bacillus pathogens |
| title_sort | phytochemical analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potential of ricinus communis leaf extract against novel bacillus pathogens |
| topic | Bacillus Mastitis Ricinus communis Leaf extract Antibacterial GC–MS analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00666-2 |
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