Formability and microscopic behavior of 2219-T6 aluminum alloy under electromagnetic forming with cryogenic temperatures
The 2219-T6 aluminum alloy (AA2219-T6) exhibits an elongation of 12.9 % under quasi-static tension at room temperature, suggesting limited plasticity. Although electromagnetic forming (EMF) enhances the formability of AA2219-T6, it remains inadequate for direct forming applications. Considering the...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017831 |
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| Summary: | The 2219-T6 aluminum alloy (AA2219-T6) exhibits an elongation of 12.9 % under quasi-static tension at room temperature, suggesting limited plasticity. Although electromagnetic forming (EMF) enhances the formability of AA2219-T6, it remains inadequate for direct forming applications. Considering the critical role of cryogenic temperatures in aluminum alloy forming, this study investigates the formability and deformation behavior of AA2219-T6 at cryogenic temperatures under EMF. A novel cryogenic EMF device was developed to conduct electromagnetic bulging, uniaxial tension, and plane strain tension tests. The results indicate that EMF exhibits superior formability compared with hydraulic forming, primarily due to its high-velocity impact characteristic, which effectively activates multiple slip systems. As the temperature of electromagnetic bulging decreases, the ultimate bulging height also decreases. At −160 °C under EMF, the average limiting major strain decreases by 10 % in biaxial tension and by 6.7 % in plane strain tension, whereas it increases by 2.9 % under uniaxial tension, in comparison with the corresponding values at room temperature. It is suggested that cryogenic EMF is suitable for improving the formability of components with fracture-prone regions subjected to uniaxial tensile stress. Microstructural analysis shows that the reduced ductility under electromagnetic bulging at −160 °C is attributed to the pronounced suppression of dynamic recovery, which restricts dislocation mobility and promotes the formation of ultrafine grains (UFGs). Grains fragmentation contribute to considerable work hardening, resulting in elevated hardness and diminished plasticity. Participates are prone to fracture under elevated tensile stresses, which facilitates crack initiation. Additionally, the biaxial tensile stress state further accelerates crack propagation. |
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| ISSN: | 2238-7854 |