Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients
Background: It is documented that COVID-19 survivors have prolonged morbidity and functional impairment for many years. Data regarding post-COVID-19 lung functions is lacking from the Indian population. We aim to evaluate the lung functions in such patients after 3–6 months of hospital discharge. Me...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2034_23 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841545842647891968 |
|---|---|
| author | K Naja Durga Shankar Meena Deepak Kumar Naveen Dutt Gopal K. Bohra Ravisekhar Gadepalli Mithu Banerjee Mahendra K. Garg Sanjeev Misra |
| author_facet | K Naja Durga Shankar Meena Deepak Kumar Naveen Dutt Gopal K. Bohra Ravisekhar Gadepalli Mithu Banerjee Mahendra K. Garg Sanjeev Misra |
| author_sort | K Naja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:
It is documented that COVID-19 survivors have prolonged morbidity and functional impairment for many years. Data regarding post-COVID-19 lung functions is lacking from the Indian population. We aim to evaluate the lung functions in such patients after 3–6 months of hospital discharge.
Methods:
In this prospective observational study, patients were assessed 3 to 6 months post-discharge and underwent standardized pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and CT Thorax if required. The following parameters were measured and correlated with the disease severity: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flows at 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC.
Results:
A total of 52 post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study, with a median age of 43 years (78.8% males). 44.2% of patients had mild disease, 26.9% had moderate disease and 23.1% had severe disease at hospital admission. A restrictive pattern was seen in 20.8% of patients. The mean value of FEV1 and FVC decreased as the disease severity increased. FEV1: mild-3.21 ± 0.71, moderate-2.62 ± 0.61 and severe- 2.51 ± 0.72, P = 0.02; FVC: mild-3.69 ± 0.81, moderate-3.04 ± 0.71 and severe- 2.93 ± 0.87, P = 0.02. After adjusting the confounding factors, the mean pulmonary function values were lower in the patients who required oxygen support, with a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEF 25–75% with P values of 0.025, 0.046, 0.028 and 0.007, respectively. 66.67% had abnormal HRCT findings. Age and high LDH were correlated with HRCT abnormality with P values of 0.015 and 0.024. Age >50 years was found to be an independent predictor of the subsequent development of abnormality on the HRCT thorax.
Conclusions:
Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which required oxygen, especially severe disease at the time of hospitalization, had a higher rate of abnormal spirometry than patients with mild symptoms. Follow-up CT scans obtained within six months of disease onset showed abnormalities in more than half of patients, particularly elderly patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b9d42f9574a4a29bb643ead3c338260 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2249-4863 2278-7135 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b9d42f9574a4a29bb643ead3c3382602025-01-11T09:53:08ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Family Medicine and Primary Care2249-48632278-71352024-12-0113125544554910.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2034_23Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patientsK NajaDurga Shankar MeenaDeepak KumarNaveen DuttGopal K. BohraRavisekhar GadepalliMithu BanerjeeMahendra K. GargSanjeev MisraBackground: It is documented that COVID-19 survivors have prolonged morbidity and functional impairment for many years. Data regarding post-COVID-19 lung functions is lacking from the Indian population. We aim to evaluate the lung functions in such patients after 3–6 months of hospital discharge. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients were assessed 3 to 6 months post-discharge and underwent standardized pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and CT Thorax if required. The following parameters were measured and correlated with the disease severity: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flows at 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25%-75%), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC. Results: A total of 52 post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study, with a median age of 43 years (78.8% males). 44.2% of patients had mild disease, 26.9% had moderate disease and 23.1% had severe disease at hospital admission. A restrictive pattern was seen in 20.8% of patients. The mean value of FEV1 and FVC decreased as the disease severity increased. FEV1: mild-3.21 ± 0.71, moderate-2.62 ± 0.61 and severe- 2.51 ± 0.72, P = 0.02; FVC: mild-3.69 ± 0.81, moderate-3.04 ± 0.71 and severe- 2.93 ± 0.87, P = 0.02. After adjusting the confounding factors, the mean pulmonary function values were lower in the patients who required oxygen support, with a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEF and FEF 25–75% with P values of 0.025, 0.046, 0.028 and 0.007, respectively. 66.67% had abnormal HRCT findings. Age and high LDH were correlated with HRCT abnormality with P values of 0.015 and 0.024. Age >50 years was found to be an independent predictor of the subsequent development of abnormality on the HRCT thorax. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which required oxygen, especially severe disease at the time of hospitalization, had a higher rate of abnormal spirometry than patients with mild symptoms. Follow-up CT scans obtained within six months of disease onset showed abnormalities in more than half of patients, particularly elderly patients.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2034_23covid-19lung function testpftpneumoniaspirometry |
| spellingShingle | K Naja Durga Shankar Meena Deepak Kumar Naveen Dutt Gopal K. Bohra Ravisekhar Gadepalli Mithu Banerjee Mahendra K. Garg Sanjeev Misra Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care covid-19 lung function test pft pneumonia spirometry |
| title | Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| title_full | Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| title_short | Evaluation of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| title_sort | evaluation of the long term effects of covid 19 on pulmonary functions in recovered patients |
| topic | covid-19 lung function test pft pneumonia spirometry |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2034_23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT knaja evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT durgashankarmeena evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT deepakkumar evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT naveendutt evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT gopalkbohra evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT ravisekhargadepalli evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT mithubanerjee evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT mahendrakgarg evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients AT sanjeevmisra evaluationofthelongtermeffectsofcovid19onpulmonaryfunctionsinrecoveredpatients |