Global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to secondhand smoke: a comprehensive analysis from the GBD 2021 study

Global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to secondhand smoke: a comprehensive analysis from the GBD 2021 study

IntroductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure represents an underappreciated global health risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with complex epidemiological implications.MethodsLeveraging the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 dataset, we systematically evaluated the worldwide burd...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Dongke Guo, Yanna Yu, Zhongxin Zhu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:	Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:	global burden of disease secondhand smoke type 2 diabetes mellitus socio-demographic index disability-adjusted life years estimated annual percentage changes
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1506749/full
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