Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis

Sotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one) is a powerful odorant usually pointed out as being responsible not only for the characteristic curry notes of the finest fortified wines but also for the off-flavour notes in prematurely oxidized white wines. Most methods reported in literature...

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Main Authors: Vanda Pereira, João M. Leça, João M. Gaspar, Ana C. Pereira, José C. Marques
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4393040
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author Vanda Pereira
João M. Leça
João M. Gaspar
Ana C. Pereira
José C. Marques
author_facet Vanda Pereira
João M. Leça
João M. Gaspar
Ana C. Pereira
José C. Marques
author_sort Vanda Pereira
collection DOAJ
description Sotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one) is a powerful odorant usually pointed out as being responsible not only for the characteristic curry notes of the finest fortified wines but also for the off-flavour notes in prematurely oxidized white wines. Most methods reported in literature for quantifying sotolon in wines are quite laborious and use large volumes of organic solvents. Thus, in the present study, the development of a simple, fast, and environment-friendly method for the quantification of sotolon in fortified wine is herein presented. The proposed method uses a single-step liquid-liquid extraction followed by RP-LC-MS/MS and was optimized using a full factorial design. The method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999), intra- and interday precision lower than 10% RSD, recovery of about 95%, and high sensitivity (LOQ of 0.04 μg/L). The method was applied to analyse 44 fortified wines from different styles (from dry to sweet wines) and ages (3–115 years old), and it was found that it covers the concentration range usually found for this compound in this kind of alcoholic beverages, which was found to be within 6.3–810 μg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that this method can be used as an accurate tool for the rapid analysis of sotolon, since the early stages of its formation up to long ageing periods.
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spelling doaj-art-8b8de0293768463c8fce3d9fa6875dbb2025-08-20T02:09:12ZengWileyJournal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry2090-88652090-88732018-01-01201810.1155/2018/43930404393040Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS AnalysisVanda Pereira0João M. Leça1João M. Gaspar2Ana C. Pereira3José C. Marques4Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalFaculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalFaculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalFaculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalFaculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalSotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one) is a powerful odorant usually pointed out as being responsible not only for the characteristic curry notes of the finest fortified wines but also for the off-flavour notes in prematurely oxidized white wines. Most methods reported in literature for quantifying sotolon in wines are quite laborious and use large volumes of organic solvents. Thus, in the present study, the development of a simple, fast, and environment-friendly method for the quantification of sotolon in fortified wine is herein presented. The proposed method uses a single-step liquid-liquid extraction followed by RP-LC-MS/MS and was optimized using a full factorial design. The method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9999), intra- and interday precision lower than 10% RSD, recovery of about 95%, and high sensitivity (LOQ of 0.04 μg/L). The method was applied to analyse 44 fortified wines from different styles (from dry to sweet wines) and ages (3–115 years old), and it was found that it covers the concentration range usually found for this compound in this kind of alcoholic beverages, which was found to be within 6.3–810 μg/L. Thus, it can be concluded that this method can be used as an accurate tool for the rapid analysis of sotolon, since the early stages of its formation up to long ageing periods.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4393040
spellingShingle Vanda Pereira
João M. Leça
João M. Gaspar
Ana C. Pereira
José C. Marques
Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
title Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
title_full Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
title_fullStr Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
title_short Rapid Determination of Sotolon in Fortified Wines Using a Miniaturized Liquid-Liquid Extraction Followed by LC-MS/MS Analysis
title_sort rapid determination of sotolon in fortified wines using a miniaturized liquid liquid extraction followed by lc ms ms analysis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4393040
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