Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws

Abstract Major trade-offs often manifest as axes of diversity in organismal functional systems. Overarching trade-offs may result in high trait integration and restrict the trajectory of diversification to be along a single axis. Here, we explore the diversification of the feeding mechanism in coral...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. D. Burns, D. R. Satterfield, N. Peoples, H. Chan, A. J. Barley, M. L. Yuan, A. S. Roberts-Hugghis, K. T. Russell, M. Hess, S. L. Williamson, K. A. Corn, M. Mihalitsis, D. K. Wainwright, P. C. Wainwright
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07148-8
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850196355818979328
author M. D. Burns
D. R. Satterfield
N. Peoples
H. Chan
A. J. Barley
M. L. Yuan
A. S. Roberts-Hugghis
K. T. Russell
M. Hess
S. L. Williamson
K. A. Corn
M. Mihalitsis
D. K. Wainwright
P. C. Wainwright
author_facet M. D. Burns
D. R. Satterfield
N. Peoples
H. Chan
A. J. Barley
M. L. Yuan
A. S. Roberts-Hugghis
K. T. Russell
M. Hess
S. L. Williamson
K. A. Corn
M. Mihalitsis
D. K. Wainwright
P. C. Wainwright
author_sort M. D. Burns
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Major trade-offs often manifest as axes of diversity in organismal functional systems. Overarching trade-offs may result in high trait integration and restrict the trajectory of diversification to be along a single axis. Here, we explore the diversification of the feeding mechanism in coral reef fishes to establish the role of trade-offs and complexity in a spectacular ecological radiation. We show that the primary axis of variation in the measured musculo-skeletal traits is aligned with a trade-off between mobility and force transmission, spanning species that capture prey with suction and those that bite attached prey. We found weak or no covariation between about half the traits, reflecting deviations from the trade-off axis. The dramatic trophic range found among reef fishes occurs along the primary trade-off axis, with numerous departures that use a mosaic of trait combinations to adapt the feeding mechanism to diverse challenges. We suggest that morphological evolution both along and independent of a major axis of variation is a widespread mechanism of diversification in complex systems where a global trade-off shapes major patterns of diversity. Significant additional diversity emerges as systems use weak integration and complexity to assemble functional units with many trait combinations that meet varying ecological demands.
format Article
id doaj-art-8b76ff4d4b4c4b2e990f6faeb99eec7d
institution OA Journals
issn 2399-3642
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Biology
spelling doaj-art-8b76ff4d4b4c4b2e990f6faeb99eec7d2025-08-20T02:13:28ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422024-11-017111310.1038/s42003-024-07148-8Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jawsM. D. Burns0D. R. Satterfield1N. Peoples2H. Chan3A. J. Barley4M. L. Yuan5A. S. Roberts-Hugghis6K. T. Russell7M. Hess8S. L. Williamson9K. A. Corn10M. Mihalitsis11D. K. Wainwright12P. C. Wainwright13Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State UniversityDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Biosciences, Rice UniversitySchool of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University–West Valley CampusDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State UniversityDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityDepartment of Evolution & Ecology, University of CaliforniaAbstract Major trade-offs often manifest as axes of diversity in organismal functional systems. Overarching trade-offs may result in high trait integration and restrict the trajectory of diversification to be along a single axis. Here, we explore the diversification of the feeding mechanism in coral reef fishes to establish the role of trade-offs and complexity in a spectacular ecological radiation. We show that the primary axis of variation in the measured musculo-skeletal traits is aligned with a trade-off between mobility and force transmission, spanning species that capture prey with suction and those that bite attached prey. We found weak or no covariation between about half the traits, reflecting deviations from the trade-off axis. The dramatic trophic range found among reef fishes occurs along the primary trade-off axis, with numerous departures that use a mosaic of trait combinations to adapt the feeding mechanism to diverse challenges. We suggest that morphological evolution both along and independent of a major axis of variation is a widespread mechanism of diversification in complex systems where a global trade-off shapes major patterns of diversity. Significant additional diversity emerges as systems use weak integration and complexity to assemble functional units with many trait combinations that meet varying ecological demands.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07148-8
spellingShingle M. D. Burns
D. R. Satterfield
N. Peoples
H. Chan
A. J. Barley
M. L. Yuan
A. S. Roberts-Hugghis
K. T. Russell
M. Hess
S. L. Williamson
K. A. Corn
M. Mihalitsis
D. K. Wainwright
P. C. Wainwright
Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
Communications Biology
title Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
title_full Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
title_fullStr Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
title_full_unstemmed Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
title_short Complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
title_sort complexity and weak integration promote the diversity of reef fish oral jaws
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07148-8
work_keys_str_mv AT mdburns complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT drsatterfield complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT npeoples complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT hchan complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT ajbarley complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT mlyuan complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT asrobertshugghis complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT ktrussell complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT mhess complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT slwilliamson complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT kacorn complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT mmihalitsis complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT dkwainwright complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws
AT pcwainwright complexityandweakintegrationpromotethediversityofreeffishoraljaws