Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pulmonary mixed infection involving Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), which is of great clinical significance. We report the case...

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Main Authors: Yahua Li, Jiaqing Ye, Chenfeng Zhang, Weili Gao, Hong Zhang, Cuiying Zheng, Zhongjun Feng, Minghui Song, Jiahao Hao, Huifen Zuo, Zhenjun Zhao, Yumei Guo, Lijie Zhang
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599958/full
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author Yahua Li
Jiaqing Ye
Chenfeng Zhang
Weili Gao
Hong Zhang
Cuiying Zheng
Zhongjun Feng
Minghui Song
Jiahao Hao
Huifen Zuo
Zhenjun Zhao
Yumei Guo
Lijie Zhang
author_facet Yahua Li
Jiaqing Ye
Chenfeng Zhang
Weili Gao
Hong Zhang
Cuiying Zheng
Zhongjun Feng
Minghui Song
Jiahao Hao
Huifen Zuo
Zhenjun Zhao
Yumei Guo
Lijie Zhang
author_sort Yahua Li
collection DOAJ
description To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pulmonary mixed infection involving Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), which is of great clinical significance. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with a two-month history of MCNS who was admitted due to fever, cough, and bright red hemoptysis. Upon admission, he was treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and moxifloxacin for one week; however, the therapeutic response was suboptimal. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) and microbiological culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified a pulmonary mixed infection involving N. cyriacigeorgica, S. maltophilia, and HCMV. Following the initiation of combination therapy with linezolid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ganciclovir, the patient’s condition improved markedly, and he was discharged in a stable condition. One-year follow-up revealed complete recovery with no recurrence. This case highlights the critical role of incorporating advanced molecular diagnostic tools such as mNGS into clinical practice and the need to be vigilance about opportunistic infections involving multiple pathogens, especially in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-8b7053d7bef94a6f942afdacab27262d2025-08-20T03:08:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15999581599958Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndromeYahua Li0Jiaqing Ye1Chenfeng Zhang2Weili Gao3Hong Zhang4Cuiying Zheng5Zhongjun Feng6Minghui Song7Jiahao Hao8Huifen Zuo9Zhenjun Zhao10Yumei Guo11Lijie Zhang12Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuan, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuan, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuan, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuan, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuan, ChinaLaboratory Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, ChinaTo our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a pulmonary mixed infection involving Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), which is of great clinical significance. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with a two-month history of MCNS who was admitted due to fever, cough, and bright red hemoptysis. Upon admission, he was treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and moxifloxacin for one week; however, the therapeutic response was suboptimal. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) and microbiological culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified a pulmonary mixed infection involving N. cyriacigeorgica, S. maltophilia, and HCMV. Following the initiation of combination therapy with linezolid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ganciclovir, the patient’s condition improved markedly, and he was discharged in a stable condition. One-year follow-up revealed complete recovery with no recurrence. This case highlights the critical role of incorporating advanced molecular diagnostic tools such as mNGS into clinical practice and the need to be vigilance about opportunistic infections involving multiple pathogens, especially in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599958/fullmetagenomic next-generation sequencingpulmonary infectionNocardia cyriacigeorgicaStenotrophomonas maltophiliahuman cytomegalovirusminimal change nephrotic syndrome
spellingShingle Yahua Li
Jiaqing Ye
Chenfeng Zhang
Weili Gao
Hong Zhang
Cuiying Zheng
Zhongjun Feng
Minghui Song
Jiahao Hao
Huifen Zuo
Zhenjun Zhao
Yumei Guo
Lijie Zhang
Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
Frontiers in Immunology
metagenomic next-generation sequencing
pulmonary infection
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
human cytomegalovirus
minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title_full Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title_fullStr Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title_short Case Report: Pulmonary mixed infection by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
title_sort case report pulmonary mixed infection by nocardia cyriacigeorgica stenotrophomonas maltophilia and human cytomegalovirus in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome
topic metagenomic next-generation sequencing
pulmonary infection
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
human cytomegalovirus
minimal change nephrotic syndrome
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599958/full
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