Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds

Abstract Background A study using random forest (RF) algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed to identify the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, the seed maturation stage and the geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical c...

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Main Authors: Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alan Mario Zuffo, Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva, Fábio Steiner, Amal Mohamed AlGarawi, Mohammad K. Okla, Mousa Nhs, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Izabela Josko, Mohamed S. Sheteiwy, Mohamed Salem Alyafei, Saad Sulieman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06536-4
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author Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira
Alan Mario Zuffo
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva
Fábio Steiner
Amal Mohamed AlGarawi
Mohammad K. Okla
Mousa Nhs
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
Izabela Josko
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
Mohamed Salem Alyafei
Saad Sulieman
author_facet Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira
Alan Mario Zuffo
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva
Fábio Steiner
Amal Mohamed AlGarawi
Mohammad K. Okla
Mousa Nhs
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
Izabela Josko
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
Mohamed Salem Alyafei
Saad Sulieman
author_sort Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background A study using random forest (RF) algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed to identify the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, the seed maturation stage and the geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds. Seeds of six anise varieties from North African and Middle Eastern accessions were inoculated or not inoculated with AMF (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) and then grown under controlled conditions. Seeds were harvested at three different maturity stages: mature seeds (157 d after sowing), premature seeds (147 d after sowing), and immature seeds (137 d after sowing). Forty-nine variables related to physical properties, total nutrients, metabolic compounds, essential oils, and biological activity were measured in P. anisum seeds. Results The RF algorithm allows the differentiation of P. anisum varieties inoculated with AMF from different countries in North Africa and the Middle East. This evidence proves that the geographic origin of P. anisum seeds significantly influences the efficiency of the symbiotic association between anise roots and AMF. In turn, no significant effects of the seed maturation stage on the symbiotic interaction of plants with mycorrhizae were observed. The chemical compounds related to the biological activity of seeds are not influenced by AMF, followed by chemical compounds related to metabolism, total nutrients, and oil components. Conclusions The performance of classification models using RF is driven primarily by independent variables related to the chemical composition of anise seeds, overshadowing the effects of geographic diversity and the seed maturation stage. Among the chemical constituents of the seed, the variables belonging to the biological activity category best contain information (patterns) on the impacts of AMF inoculation.
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spelling doaj-art-8b634403c378433095f8bd08abb6aae82025-08-20T02:15:15ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-05-0125111710.1186/s12870-025-06536-4Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seedsBruno Rodrigues de Oliveira0Alan Mario Zuffo1Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva2Fábio Steiner3Amal Mohamed AlGarawi4Mohammad K. Okla5Mousa Nhs6Yousef Alhaj Hamoud7Izabela Josko8Mohamed S. Sheteiwy9Mohamed Salem Alyafei10Saad Sulieman11Editora PantanalDepartment of Agronomy, State University of MaranhãoDepartment of Agronomy, State University of MaranhãoDepartment of Agronomy, State University of Mato Grosso Do SulBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityBotany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityThe National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai UniversityInstitute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life SciencesDepartment of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates UniversityAbstract Background A study using random forest (RF) algorithms and principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed to identify the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, the seed maturation stage and the geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds. Seeds of six anise varieties from North African and Middle Eastern accessions were inoculated or not inoculated with AMF (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) and then grown under controlled conditions. Seeds were harvested at three different maturity stages: mature seeds (157 d after sowing), premature seeds (147 d after sowing), and immature seeds (137 d after sowing). Forty-nine variables related to physical properties, total nutrients, metabolic compounds, essential oils, and biological activity were measured in P. anisum seeds. Results The RF algorithm allows the differentiation of P. anisum varieties inoculated with AMF from different countries in North Africa and the Middle East. This evidence proves that the geographic origin of P. anisum seeds significantly influences the efficiency of the symbiotic association between anise roots and AMF. In turn, no significant effects of the seed maturation stage on the symbiotic interaction of plants with mycorrhizae were observed. The chemical compounds related to the biological activity of seeds are not influenced by AMF, followed by chemical compounds related to metabolism, total nutrients, and oil components. Conclusions The performance of classification models using RF is driven primarily by independent variables related to the chemical composition of anise seeds, overshadowing the effects of geographic diversity and the seed maturation stage. Among the chemical constituents of the seed, the variables belonging to the biological activity category best contain information (patterns) on the impacts of AMF inoculation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06536-4AniseMycorrhizal associationEssential oilMetabolic compoundsBiological activity
spellingShingle Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira
Alan Mario Zuffo
Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva
Fábio Steiner
Amal Mohamed AlGarawi
Mohammad K. Okla
Mousa Nhs
Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
Izabela Josko
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
Mohamed Salem Alyafei
Saad Sulieman
Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
BMC Plant Biology
Anise
Mycorrhizal association
Essential oil
Metabolic compounds
Biological activity
title Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
title_full Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
title_fullStr Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
title_full_unstemmed Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
title_short Random forest algorithms: a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of Pimpinella anisum L. accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
title_sort random forest algorithms a tool to identify the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation seed maturation stage and geographic diversity of pimpinella anisum l accessions on the physicochemical composition of seeds
topic Anise
Mycorrhizal association
Essential oil
Metabolic compounds
Biological activity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06536-4
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