Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review

Introduction To eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, a key focus is preventing new infections among high-risk individuals, including those with HIV. The widespread incidence of HBV and HIV leads to a high rate of coinfection. HIV compromises the immune system, significantly increasing the ris...

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Main Authors: Kelvin McKoy, Stephanie Campbell, Patricia Novy, Robert S. Janssen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Expert Review of Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502643
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author Kelvin McKoy
Stephanie Campbell
Patricia Novy
Robert S. Janssen
author_facet Kelvin McKoy
Stephanie Campbell
Patricia Novy
Robert S. Janssen
author_sort Kelvin McKoy
collection DOAJ
description Introduction To eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, a key focus is preventing new infections among high-risk individuals, including those with HIV. The widespread incidence of HBV and HIV leads to a high rate of coinfection. HIV compromises the immune system, significantly increasing the risk of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death from liver-related disease among coinfected individuals.Areas covered This review explores recent research on the two-dose HepB-CpG (HEPLISAV-B) vaccine, which is a potential solution to the challenge of suboptimal immune responses to three-dose HBV vaccines (HepB-alum) in people living with HIV (PLWH). We compare the immunogenicity and safety of HepB-CpG in both vaccine-naive and previously vaccinated nonresponding PLWH populations.Expert opinion Compared with three-dose HepB-alum vaccines, HepB-CpG offers a more convenient two-dose schedule, which could increase series completion rates. HepB-CpG might be more immunogenic in vaccine-naive and vaccine-experienced PLWH. Both attributes make HepB-CpG a possible future standard of care for adult HBV vaccination in PLWH.
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spelling doaj-art-8b60aaa1e8464e8da06519343ac7530a2025-08-20T02:58:38ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952025-12-0124136537210.1080/14760584.2025.2502643Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative reviewKelvin McKoy0Stephanie Campbell1Patricia Novy2Robert S. Janssen3Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USADynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USADynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USADynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USAIntroduction To eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally, a key focus is preventing new infections among high-risk individuals, including those with HIV. The widespread incidence of HBV and HIV leads to a high rate of coinfection. HIV compromises the immune system, significantly increasing the risk of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death from liver-related disease among coinfected individuals.Areas covered This review explores recent research on the two-dose HepB-CpG (HEPLISAV-B) vaccine, which is a potential solution to the challenge of suboptimal immune responses to three-dose HBV vaccines (HepB-alum) in people living with HIV (PLWH). We compare the immunogenicity and safety of HepB-CpG in both vaccine-naive and previously vaccinated nonresponding PLWH populations.Expert opinion Compared with three-dose HepB-alum vaccines, HepB-CpG offers a more convenient two-dose schedule, which could increase series completion rates. HepB-CpG might be more immunogenic in vaccine-naive and vaccine-experienced PLWH. Both attributes make HepB-CpG a possible future standard of care for adult HBV vaccination in PLWH.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502643CpG 1018 adjuvanthepatitis B virusHepB-alumHepB-CpGHEPLISAV-Bimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Kelvin McKoy
Stephanie Campbell
Patricia Novy
Robert S. Janssen
Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
Expert Review of Vaccines
CpG 1018 adjuvant
hepatitis B virus
HepB-alum
HepB-CpG
HEPLISAV-B
immunogenicity
title Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
title_full Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
title_fullStr Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
title_short Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review
title_sort hepatitis b vaccination with hepb cpg in people living with hiv a narrative review
topic CpG 1018 adjuvant
hepatitis B virus
HepB-alum
HepB-CpG
HEPLISAV-B
immunogenicity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14760584.2025.2502643
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