Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization

Indoor navigation remains a challenge due to the limitations of GPS-based systems in enclosed environments. Current approaches, such as marker-based ones, have been developed for indoor navigation. However, it requires extensive manual mapping and makes indoor navigation time-consuming and difficult...

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Main Authors: Bagas Samuel Christiananta Putra, I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha, Jyun-Cheng Wang, Matahari Bhakti Nendya, Dan Daniel Pandapotan, Felix Nathanael Tjahjono, Halim Budi Santoso
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Information
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/478
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author Bagas Samuel Christiananta Putra
I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha
Jyun-Cheng Wang
Matahari Bhakti Nendya
Dan Daniel Pandapotan
Felix Nathanael Tjahjono
Halim Budi Santoso
author_facet Bagas Samuel Christiananta Putra
I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha
Jyun-Cheng Wang
Matahari Bhakti Nendya
Dan Daniel Pandapotan
Felix Nathanael Tjahjono
Halim Budi Santoso
author_sort Bagas Samuel Christiananta Putra
collection DOAJ
description Indoor navigation remains a challenge due to the limitations of GPS-based systems in enclosed environments. Current approaches, such as marker-based ones, have been developed for indoor navigation. However, it requires extensive manual mapping and makes indoor navigation time-consuming and difficult to scale. To enhance current approaches to indoor navigation, this study proposes a node-based mapping for indoor navigation, allowing users to dynamically construct navigation paths using a mobile device. The system leverages NavMesh, the A* algorithm for pathfinding, and is integrated into the ARCore for real-time AR guidance. Nodes are placed within the environment to define walkable paths, which can be stored and reused without requiring a full system to rebuild. Once the prototype has been developed, usability testing is conducted using the Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale (HARUS) to evaluate manipulability, comprehensibility, and overall usability. This study finds that using node-based mapping for indoor navigation can help enhance flexibility in mapping new indoor spaces and offers an effective AR-guided navigation experience. However, there are some areas of improvement, including interface clarity and system scalability, that can be considered for future research. This study contributes practically to improving current practices in adaptive indoor navigation systems using AR-based dynamic mapping techniques.
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spelling doaj-art-8b55114ff71e4dcba66eef493704cf4f2025-08-20T03:24:33ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892025-06-0116647810.3390/info16060478Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker LocalizationBagas Samuel Christiananta Putra0I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha1Jyun-Cheng Wang2Matahari Bhakti Nendya3Dan Daniel Pandapotan4Felix Nathanael Tjahjono5Halim Budi Santoso6Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaDepartment of Informatics, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaInstitute of Service Science, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, TaiwanDepartment of Informatics, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaDepartment of Product Design, School of Architecture and Design, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaDepartment of Informatics, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta 55224, IndonesiaIndoor navigation remains a challenge due to the limitations of GPS-based systems in enclosed environments. Current approaches, such as marker-based ones, have been developed for indoor navigation. However, it requires extensive manual mapping and makes indoor navigation time-consuming and difficult to scale. To enhance current approaches to indoor navigation, this study proposes a node-based mapping for indoor navigation, allowing users to dynamically construct navigation paths using a mobile device. The system leverages NavMesh, the A* algorithm for pathfinding, and is integrated into the ARCore for real-time AR guidance. Nodes are placed within the environment to define walkable paths, which can be stored and reused without requiring a full system to rebuild. Once the prototype has been developed, usability testing is conducted using the Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale (HARUS) to evaluate manipulability, comprehensibility, and overall usability. This study finds that using node-based mapping for indoor navigation can help enhance flexibility in mapping new indoor spaces and offers an effective AR-guided navigation experience. However, there are some areas of improvement, including interface clarity and system scalability, that can be considered for future research. This study contributes practically to improving current practices in adaptive indoor navigation systems using AR-based dynamic mapping techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/478augmented realityindoor navigationnode-based approachhandheld augmented reality usability scale
spellingShingle Bagas Samuel Christiananta Putra
I. Kadek Dendy Senapartha
Jyun-Cheng Wang
Matahari Bhakti Nendya
Dan Daniel Pandapotan
Felix Nathanael Tjahjono
Halim Budi Santoso
Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
Information
augmented reality
indoor navigation
node-based approach
handheld augmented reality usability scale
title Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
title_full Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
title_fullStr Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
title_short Adaptive AR Navigation: Real-Time Mapping for Indoor Environment Using Node Placement and Marker Localization
title_sort adaptive ar navigation real time mapping for indoor environment using node placement and marker localization
topic augmented reality
indoor navigation
node-based approach
handheld augmented reality usability scale
url https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/6/478
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