Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective

Objectives This study examines the ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into electronic health record (EHR) systems, focusing on Tanzania's healthcare context. It critically analyses the extent to which Tanzania's Policy Framework for Artifi...

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Main Author: Augustino Mwogosi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251344385
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author Augustino Mwogosi
author_facet Augustino Mwogosi
author_sort Augustino Mwogosi
collection DOAJ
description Objectives This study examines the ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into electronic health record (EHR) systems, focusing on Tanzania's healthcare context. It critically analyses the extent to which Tanzania's Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence in the Health Sector (2022) addresses these challenges and proposes regulatory and practical safeguards for responsible generative AI deployment. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted using PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines informed the search and selection process. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analysed to identify key ethical and privacy concerns of generative AI in healthcare. Moreover, a policy analysis of Tanzania's AI framework was conducted to assess its alignment with global best practices and regulatory preparedness. Results The review identified six key ethical and privacy challenges associated with generative AI in EHR systems: data privacy and security risks, algorithmic bias and fairness concerns, transparency and accountability issues, consent and autonomy challenges, human oversight gaps and risks of data re-identification. The policy analysis revealed that while Tanzania's AI framework aligns with national health priorities and promotes capacity building and ethical governance, it lacks generative AI-specific guidelines, regulatory clarity and resource mobilisation strategies necessary for healthcare settings. Conclusion Integrating generative AI into Tanzania's EHR systems presents transformative opportunities and significant ethical and privacy risks. Tanzania's policy framework should incorporate AI-specific ethical guidelines, operationalise regulatory mechanisms, foster stakeholder engagement through participatory co-design and strengthen infrastructural investments. These measures will promote ethical integrity, enhance patient trust and position Tanzania as a regional leader in responsible AI use in healthcare.
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spelling doaj-art-8b532dc9d3df454cb3f92da9b8b7d0542025-08-20T02:32:29ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-05-011110.1177/20552076251344385Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspectiveAugustino MwogosiObjectives This study examines the ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into electronic health record (EHR) systems, focusing on Tanzania's healthcare context. It critically analyses the extent to which Tanzania's Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence in the Health Sector (2022) addresses these challenges and proposes regulatory and practical safeguards for responsible generative AI deployment. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted using PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines informed the search and selection process. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analysed to identify key ethical and privacy concerns of generative AI in healthcare. Moreover, a policy analysis of Tanzania's AI framework was conducted to assess its alignment with global best practices and regulatory preparedness. Results The review identified six key ethical and privacy challenges associated with generative AI in EHR systems: data privacy and security risks, algorithmic bias and fairness concerns, transparency and accountability issues, consent and autonomy challenges, human oversight gaps and risks of data re-identification. The policy analysis revealed that while Tanzania's AI framework aligns with national health priorities and promotes capacity building and ethical governance, it lacks generative AI-specific guidelines, regulatory clarity and resource mobilisation strategies necessary for healthcare settings. Conclusion Integrating generative AI into Tanzania's EHR systems presents transformative opportunities and significant ethical and privacy risks. Tanzania's policy framework should incorporate AI-specific ethical guidelines, operationalise regulatory mechanisms, foster stakeholder engagement through participatory co-design and strengthen infrastructural investments. These measures will promote ethical integrity, enhance patient trust and position Tanzania as a regional leader in responsible AI use in healthcare.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251344385
spellingShingle Augustino Mwogosi
Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
Digital Health
title Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
title_full Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
title_fullStr Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
title_full_unstemmed Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
title_short Ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative AI into EHR systems in Tanzania: A scoping review with a policy perspective
title_sort ethical and privacy challenges of integrating generative ai into ehr systems in tanzania a scoping review with a policy perspective
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251344385
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