Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia

This study aims to forecast the COVID-19 spread in Indonesia involving vaccination factors using vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX). The COVID-19 spread represented by active, recovered, and death case rate indicators acts as endogenous variables, while the COVID-19 vaccination re...

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Main Authors: Sukono Sukono, Riza Andrian Ibrahim, Riaman Riaman, Elis Hertini, Yuyun Hidayat, Jumadil Saputra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6285328
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author Sukono Sukono
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Riaman Riaman
Elis Hertini
Yuyun Hidayat
Jumadil Saputra
author_facet Sukono Sukono
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Riaman Riaman
Elis Hertini
Yuyun Hidayat
Jumadil Saputra
author_sort Sukono Sukono
collection DOAJ
description This study aims to forecast the COVID-19 spread in Indonesia involving vaccination factors using vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX). The COVID-19 spread represented by active, recovered, and death case rate indicators acts as endogenous variables, while the COVID-19 vaccination represented by second-dose vaccination rates acts as exogenous variables. Because the sum of three COVID-19 spread indicators in one day is one, only two indicators with the highest correlation rates are involved in VARX modelling. The other indicator is practically projected by subtracting one from the sum of two indicator projection results. Based on the analysis results, the active and recovered case rates are two indicators chosen in VARX modelling. Using Akaike information criterion, the most suitable VARX model to project the case and recovered case rates are VARX (7, 1). This model is expected to help the Indonesian government project the COVID-19 spread in Indonesia.
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publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
spelling doaj-art-8b3b6e5b41334211baae197c08e035cd2025-08-20T02:09:25ZengWileyDiscrete Dynamics in Nature and Society1607-887X2023-01-01202310.1155/2023/6285328Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in IndonesiaSukono Sukono0Riza Andrian Ibrahim1Riaman Riaman2Elis Hertini3Yuyun Hidayat4Jumadil Saputra5Universitas PadjadjaranUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversiti Malaysia TerengganuThis study aims to forecast the COVID-19 spread in Indonesia involving vaccination factors using vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX). The COVID-19 spread represented by active, recovered, and death case rate indicators acts as endogenous variables, while the COVID-19 vaccination represented by second-dose vaccination rates acts as exogenous variables. Because the sum of three COVID-19 spread indicators in one day is one, only two indicators with the highest correlation rates are involved in VARX modelling. The other indicator is practically projected by subtracting one from the sum of two indicator projection results. Based on the analysis results, the active and recovered case rates are two indicators chosen in VARX modelling. Using Akaike information criterion, the most suitable VARX model to project the case and recovered case rates are VARX (7, 1). This model is expected to help the Indonesian government project the COVID-19 spread in Indonesia.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6285328
spellingShingle Sukono Sukono
Riza Andrian Ibrahim
Riaman Riaman
Elis Hertini
Yuyun Hidayat
Jumadil Saputra
Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
title Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
title_full Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
title_fullStr Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
title_short Forecasting the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Vector Autoregressive with an Exogenous Variable: On the Cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia
title_sort forecasting the effectiveness of covid 19 vaccination using vector autoregressive with an exogenous variable on the cases of covid 19 in indonesia
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6285328
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