Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil

<b>Background:</b> Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare but severe condition characterized by acute visual impairment, with 3–5% of relapsing cases lacking identifiable markers for associated conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or multiple sclerosis (MS)...

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Main Authors: Shuhei Fujino, Keiji Akamine, Eiichiro Noda, Sahoko Miyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Neurology International
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/3/44
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author Shuhei Fujino
Keiji Akamine
Eiichiro Noda
Sahoko Miyama
author_facet Shuhei Fujino
Keiji Akamine
Eiichiro Noda
Sahoko Miyama
author_sort Shuhei Fujino
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare but severe condition characterized by acute visual impairment, with 3–5% of relapsing cases lacking identifiable markers for associated conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or multiple sclerosis (MS); these cases are thus classified as relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis (RION). Corticosteroids are typically used for acute management; however, their prolonged use in children poses significant risks, including central obesity, hypertension, and growth impairment, underscoring the need for nonsteroidal, long-term treatment options. Current strategies for preventing recurrence in pediatric RION are limited due to a lack of data on immunosuppressive efficacy and safety. Given its rarity and the challenges of long-term immunosuppression in children, identifying optimal therapeutic approaches remains critical. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We report a case of a six-year-old girl with RION, who was initially treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and prednisolone (PSL) tapering, and who experienced recurrence eight months post-treatment. Additional corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) were administered during relapse, but, due to adverse effects, treatment was transitioned to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), enabling early PSL tapering. <b>Conclusions:</b> With MMF, the patient maintained stable vision and achieved a five-year recurrence-free period without notable side effects. In conclusion, this case suggests MMF’s efficacy as a long-term management option for pediatric RION, potentially reducing corticosteroid-related risks.
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spelling doaj-art-8b335a9bfa26456680f6363d092bf3e42025-08-20T03:43:29ZengMDPI AGNeurology International2035-83772025-03-011734410.3390/neurolint17030044Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate MofetilShuhei Fujino0Keiji Akamine1Eiichiro Noda2Sahoko Miyama3Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, JapanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan<b>Background:</b> Pediatric optic neuritis (ON) is a rare but severe condition characterized by acute visual impairment, with 3–5% of relapsing cases lacking identifiable markers for associated conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or multiple sclerosis (MS); these cases are thus classified as relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis (RION). Corticosteroids are typically used for acute management; however, their prolonged use in children poses significant risks, including central obesity, hypertension, and growth impairment, underscoring the need for nonsteroidal, long-term treatment options. Current strategies for preventing recurrence in pediatric RION are limited due to a lack of data on immunosuppressive efficacy and safety. Given its rarity and the challenges of long-term immunosuppression in children, identifying optimal therapeutic approaches remains critical. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We report a case of a six-year-old girl with RION, who was initially treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and prednisolone (PSL) tapering, and who experienced recurrence eight months post-treatment. Additional corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) were administered during relapse, but, due to adverse effects, treatment was transitioned to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), enabling early PSL tapering. <b>Conclusions:</b> With MMF, the patient maintained stable vision and achieved a five-year recurrence-free period without notable side effects. In conclusion, this case suggests MMF’s efficacy as a long-term management option for pediatric RION, potentially reducing corticosteroid-related risks.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/3/44pediatric optic neuritisrelapsing idiopathic optic neuritiscorticosteroidsmycophenolate mofetilneuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderimmunosuppressives
spellingShingle Shuhei Fujino
Keiji Akamine
Eiichiro Noda
Sahoko Miyama
Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
Neurology International
pediatric optic neuritis
relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis
corticosteroids
mycophenolate mofetil
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
immunosuppressives
title Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
title_full Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
title_fullStr Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
title_full_unstemmed Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
title_short Successful Long-Term Treatment of Pediatric Relapsing Idiopathic Optic Neuritis with Mycophenolate Mofetil
title_sort successful long term treatment of pediatric relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis with mycophenolate mofetil
topic pediatric optic neuritis
relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis
corticosteroids
mycophenolate mofetil
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
immunosuppressives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/3/44
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