Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective

Abstract Background Haematophagous Diptera can transmit a wide range of diseases to both humans and animals. Some species of the Trypanosoma genus rely on these vectors for transmission, either cyclically or mechanically. Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of Surra, is the only African-origin t...

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Main Authors: Adrián Melián-Henríquez, María Teresa Tejedor-Junco, Daniel Bravo-Barriga, Mikel Alexander González, Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal, Carlos Barceló, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Massimo Paone, Giuliano Cecchi, Juan Alberto Corbera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Parasites & Vectors
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06922-9
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author Adrián Melián-Henríquez
María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Daniel Bravo-Barriga
Mikel Alexander González
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
Carlos Barceló
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
Massimo Paone
Giuliano Cecchi
Juan Alberto Corbera
author_facet Adrián Melián-Henríquez
María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Daniel Bravo-Barriga
Mikel Alexander González
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
Carlos Barceló
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
Massimo Paone
Giuliano Cecchi
Juan Alberto Corbera
author_sort Adrián Melián-Henríquez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Haematophagous Diptera can transmit a wide range of diseases to both humans and animals. Some species of the Trypanosoma genus rely on these vectors for transmission, either cyclically or mechanically. Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of Surra, is the only African-origin trypanosome species detected in Spain to date, which is mechanically transmitted. Methods To assess the occurrence and distribution of potential mechanical vectors at the national level, a systematic review was conducted on the Hippoboscidae, Muscidae and Tabanidae families. The review followed the methodology established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Data were compiled from 43 peer-reviewed scientific publications and four citizen science digital databases. Results The review identified three genera belonging to the Hippoboscidae, two of the Muscidae and ten of the Tabanidae families. Genus-level distribution maps were generated for each group. Conclusions This atlas serves as a valuable tool for the prevention and control of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Spain. Nonetheless, further studies on the distribution, ecology and behaviour of haematophagous dipterans are essential to better understand their role in disease transmission and their potential impact on future outbreaks. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-8b16557fc6024bd5bacb3f4a24da45af2025-08-20T03:04:22ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-07-0118111110.1186/s13071-025-06922-9Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspectiveAdrián Melián-Henríquez0María Teresa Tejedor-Junco1Daniel Bravo-Barriga2Mikel Alexander González3Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal4Carlos Barceló5Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo6Massimo Paone7Giuliano Cecchi8Juan Alberto Corbera9Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaResearch Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaDepartment of Animal Health (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of CordobaDepartamento de Biología de la Conservación y Cambio Global, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC)Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEUApplied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic IslandsDepartment of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA)Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaAbstract Background Haematophagous Diptera can transmit a wide range of diseases to both humans and animals. Some species of the Trypanosoma genus rely on these vectors for transmission, either cyclically or mechanically. Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of Surra, is the only African-origin trypanosome species detected in Spain to date, which is mechanically transmitted. Methods To assess the occurrence and distribution of potential mechanical vectors at the national level, a systematic review was conducted on the Hippoboscidae, Muscidae and Tabanidae families. The review followed the methodology established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Data were compiled from 43 peer-reviewed scientific publications and four citizen science digital databases. Results The review identified three genera belonging to the Hippoboscidae, two of the Muscidae and ten of the Tabanidae families. Genus-level distribution maps were generated for each group. Conclusions This atlas serves as a valuable tool for the prevention and control of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Spain. Nonetheless, further studies on the distribution, ecology and behaviour of haematophagous dipterans are essential to better understand their role in disease transmission and their potential impact on future outbreaks. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06922-9DipteraSurraMapsMuscidaeHippoboscidaeTabanidae
spellingShingle Adrián Melián-Henríquez
María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
Daniel Bravo-Barriga
Mikel Alexander González
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
Carlos Barceló
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
Massimo Paone
Giuliano Cecchi
Juan Alberto Corbera
Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
Parasites & Vectors
Diptera
Surra
Maps
Muscidae
Hippoboscidae
Tabanidae
title Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
title_full Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
title_fullStr Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
title_full_unstemmed Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
title_short Geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in Surra transmission in Spain: an entomological perspective
title_sort geographical distribution of potential mechanical vectors implicated in surra transmission in spain an entomological perspective
topic Diptera
Surra
Maps
Muscidae
Hippoboscidae
Tabanidae
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06922-9
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