Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older
S U M M A R Y: Objective: Evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) status and Corona Virus-19 (COVID-19) infection in adults aged 50 years and older. Design: Adults ≥50 undergoing COVID-19 testing from July 2020 to December 2021, without prior vaccination, consented to blood analysis. SARS...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Clinical Nutrition Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268525000567 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849254628425728000 |
|---|---|
| author | Carol L. Wagner John E. Baatz Myla Ebeling Danforth A. Newton Judith R. Shary Mathew Gregoski Mark T. Wagner David Zava Carole Baggerly Sonya Ketchens Jeffrey Korte Bruce W. Hollis |
| author_facet | Carol L. Wagner John E. Baatz Myla Ebeling Danforth A. Newton Judith R. Shary Mathew Gregoski Mark T. Wagner David Zava Carole Baggerly Sonya Ketchens Jeffrey Korte Bruce W. Hollis |
| author_sort | Carol L. Wagner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | S U M M A R Y: Objective: Evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) status and Corona Virus-19 (COVID-19) infection in adults aged 50 years and older. Design: Adults ≥50 undergoing COVID-19 testing from July 2020 to December 2021, without prior vaccination, consented to blood analysis. SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed current COVID-19 infection. VitD status was assessed via 25(OH)D concentration (LCMS/MS, ZRT Labs, Portland, OR). Sociodemographic data were collected at enrollment. Statistical analyses (SAS 9.4) examined associations between sociodemographics, COVID-19, and vitD status. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed factors linked to COVID-19 or vitD status. Results: Of 131 participants, 46.6% were ≥65 years old, 71.0% married, 19.9% Black American, 36.6% male, 38.9% Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay, and 42.8% BMI≥30. VitD status and Black American (P=0.0001) significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (P=0.0001). Black American (P=0.0003), males (P=0.003), and BMI (P=0.007) were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration. In a multiple logistic regression model predicting COVID-19 infection, only vitamin D status remained significant after controlling for certain sociodemographic and clinical factors (P<0.0001, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95).Of the 44 COVID-positive participants, 35 (79.6%) were hospitalized and 19 (43.2%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Hospitalization due to COVID-19 was associated with age ≥65 years old (P=0.02; OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.34–106.79), male (P=0.02, OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.20–94.73), and 25(OH)D <40 ng/mL (P=0.0006, OR 42.5, 95% CI 3.90–461.01). In multivariate analysis, the association between vitamin D status and the risk of COVID-related hospitalization remained significant and inversely associated (P=0.03, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99).In unadjusted analysis, COVID pneumonia was associated with male sex (P=0.049; OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.06–20.16) and 25(OH)D <40 ng/mL (P=0.006, OR 18.8, 95% CI 1.9–184.10). Participants with COVID infection and 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL were 2.1 times more likely to be admitted to ICU/death (P=0.03). In unadjusted analysis, ICU admission and/or death were linked to age ≥65 years (P=0.0002, OR 16.9, 95% CI 3.63–78.56), Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay insurance status (P=0.004, OR 0.1, 0.04–0.56), and 25(OH)D <20 (P=0.03, OR 3.9, 1.09–13.66) and <40 ng/mL (P=0.03); however, only age ≥65 remained significant in multivariate analysis (P=0.04, OR 6.7, CI 1.05–43.0). Conclusions: Lower 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor and/or contributor to COVID-19 infection, suggesting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in reducing infection risk and mitigating severe outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b0f50f952b44517be9570e2986cc928 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-2685 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Nutrition Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b0f50f952b44517be9570e2986cc9282025-08-20T03:56:04ZengElsevierClinical Nutrition Open Science2667-26852025-08-0162486610.1016/j.nutos.2025.05.007Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and olderCarol L. Wagner0John E. Baatz1Myla Ebeling2Danforth A. Newton3Judith R. Shary4Mathew Gregoski5Mark T. Wagner6David Zava7Carole Baggerly8Sonya Ketchens9Jeffrey Korte10Bruce W. Hollis11Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Corresponding author. MUSC, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADarby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADepartment of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADepartment of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USAZRT Group, ZRT Laboratories, Portland, OR, USAGrassroots Health Nutrient Research Institute, Encinitas, CA, USACollege of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADepartment of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USADivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USAS U M M A R Y: Objective: Evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) status and Corona Virus-19 (COVID-19) infection in adults aged 50 years and older. Design: Adults ≥50 undergoing COVID-19 testing from July 2020 to December 2021, without prior vaccination, consented to blood analysis. SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed current COVID-19 infection. VitD status was assessed via 25(OH)D concentration (LCMS/MS, ZRT Labs, Portland, OR). Sociodemographic data were collected at enrollment. Statistical analyses (SAS 9.4) examined associations between sociodemographics, COVID-19, and vitD status. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed factors linked to COVID-19 or vitD status. Results: Of 131 participants, 46.6% were ≥65 years old, 71.0% married, 19.9% Black American, 36.6% male, 38.9% Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay, and 42.8% BMI≥30. VitD status and Black American (P=0.0001) significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (P=0.0001). Black American (P=0.0003), males (P=0.003), and BMI (P=0.007) were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentration. In a multiple logistic regression model predicting COVID-19 infection, only vitamin D status remained significant after controlling for certain sociodemographic and clinical factors (P<0.0001, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95).Of the 44 COVID-positive participants, 35 (79.6%) were hospitalized and 19 (43.2%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Hospitalization due to COVID-19 was associated with age ≥65 years old (P=0.02; OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.34–106.79), male (P=0.02, OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.20–94.73), and 25(OH)D <40 ng/mL (P=0.0006, OR 42.5, 95% CI 3.90–461.01). In multivariate analysis, the association between vitamin D status and the risk of COVID-related hospitalization remained significant and inversely associated (P=0.03, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99).In unadjusted analysis, COVID pneumonia was associated with male sex (P=0.049; OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.06–20.16) and 25(OH)D <40 ng/mL (P=0.006, OR 18.8, 95% CI 1.9–184.10). Participants with COVID infection and 25(OH)D <20 ng/mL were 2.1 times more likely to be admitted to ICU/death (P=0.03). In unadjusted analysis, ICU admission and/or death were linked to age ≥65 years (P=0.0002, OR 16.9, 95% CI 3.63–78.56), Medicaid/Medicare/self-pay insurance status (P=0.004, OR 0.1, 0.04–0.56), and 25(OH)D <20 (P=0.03, OR 3.9, 1.09–13.66) and <40 ng/mL (P=0.03); however, only age ≥65 remained significant in multivariate analysis (P=0.04, OR 6.7, CI 1.05–43.0). Conclusions: Lower 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor and/or contributor to COVID-19 infection, suggesting the importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in reducing infection risk and mitigating severe outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268525000567Vitamin DCholecalciferolOlder adultsCOVID-19 infectionCOVID-19 hospitalizationCOVID-19 pneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Carol L. Wagner John E. Baatz Myla Ebeling Danforth A. Newton Judith R. Shary Mathew Gregoski Mark T. Wagner David Zava Carole Baggerly Sonya Ketchens Jeffrey Korte Bruce W. Hollis Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older Clinical Nutrition Open Science Vitamin D Cholecalciferol Older adults COVID-19 infection COVID-19 hospitalization COVID-19 pneumonia |
| title | Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| title_full | Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| title_short | Exploring the association between vitamin D status and Corona Virus-19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| title_sort | exploring the association between vitamin d status and corona virus 19 infection in a cohort of adults aged 50 years and older |
| topic | Vitamin D Cholecalciferol Older adults COVID-19 infection COVID-19 hospitalization COVID-19 pneumonia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268525000567 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carollwagner exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT johnebaatz exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT mylaebeling exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT danforthanewton exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT judithrshary exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT mathewgregoski exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT marktwagner exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT davidzava exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT carolebaggerly exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT sonyaketchens exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT jeffreykorte exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder AT brucewhollis exploringtheassociationbetweenvitamindstatusandcoronavirus19infectioninacohortofadultsaged50yearsandolder |