Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits

We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single...

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Main Authors: Denis A. Kopylov, Christian Offen, Laura Ares, Boris Wembe, Sina Ober-Blöbaum, Torsten Meier, Polina R. Sharapova, Jan Sperling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-07-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk
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author Denis A. Kopylov
Christian Offen
Laura Ares
Boris Wembe
Sina Ober-Blöbaum
Torsten Meier
Polina R. Sharapova
Jan Sperling
author_facet Denis A. Kopylov
Christian Offen
Laura Ares
Boris Wembe
Sina Ober-Blöbaum
Torsten Meier
Polina R. Sharapova
Jan Sperling
author_sort Denis A. Kopylov
collection DOAJ
description We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which is in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2643-1564
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher American Physical Society
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series Physical Review Research
spelling doaj-art-8b0673c97bbf4afeb23e117b8c69a1b32025-08-20T03:50:45ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-07-017303306210.1103/sv6z-v1gkMultiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuitsDenis A. KopylovChristian OffenLaura AresBoris WembeSina Ober-BlöbaumTorsten MeierPolina R. SharapovaJan SperlingWe introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which is in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.http://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk
spellingShingle Denis A. Kopylov
Christian Offen
Laura Ares
Boris Wembe
Sina Ober-Blöbaum
Torsten Meier
Polina R. Sharapova
Jan Sperling
Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
Physical Review Research
title Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
title_full Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
title_fullStr Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
title_full_unstemmed Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
title_short Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
title_sort multiphoton multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits
url http://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk
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