Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract

A straightforward and economical engraving diode laser with a 455 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>&l...

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Main Authors: Entesar A. Ganash, Reem M. Altuwirqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/473
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author Entesar A. Ganash
Reem M. Altuwirqi
author_facet Entesar A. Ganash
Reem M. Altuwirqi
author_sort Entesar A. Ganash
collection DOAJ
description A straightforward and economical engraving diode laser with a 455 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nm visible wavelength was employed for the first time in a pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid (PLFL) technique coupled simultaneously with a chemical reduction method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an <i>Origanum majorana</i> extract liquid, as a natural reduction agent. The chemical reduction correlated with the PLFL method to control the NP size by examining the effect of irradiation times. The AgNPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lattice diffraction Bragg’s planes (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) were found by XRD. The AgNPs had a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at around 432–409 nm. The position of this SPR peak moves toward shorter wavelengths, by around 23 nm, with increased laser irradiation. When exposure times were increased, a drop in Ag NP size was revealed, from 22 nm when only a chemical reduction approach was used to 12 nm when the PLFL technique was associated. The DLS and TEM confirmed the UV–vis results. Such consideration suggests that combining the chemical reduction and PLFL methods could enable the tuning of the Ag NP size to be tailored for specific applications. This work could open the field for synthesizing NPs and controlling their size using an easy and handy engraving laser.
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spelling doaj-art-8b02f9bca0fc41238b3cf96f474c0ab52025-08-20T02:33:31ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-05-0115547310.3390/cryst15050473Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> ExtractEntesar A. Ganash0Reem M. Altuwirqi1Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 42805, Jeddah 21551, Saudi ArabiaA straightforward and economical engraving diode laser with a 455 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nm visible wavelength was employed for the first time in a pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid (PLFL) technique coupled simultaneously with a chemical reduction method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an <i>Origanum majorana</i> extract liquid, as a natural reduction agent. The chemical reduction correlated with the PLFL method to control the NP size by examining the effect of irradiation times. The AgNPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lattice diffraction Bragg’s planes (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) were found by XRD. The AgNPs had a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at around 432–409 nm. The position of this SPR peak moves toward shorter wavelengths, by around 23 nm, with increased laser irradiation. When exposure times were increased, a drop in Ag NP size was revealed, from 22 nm when only a chemical reduction approach was used to 12 nm when the PLFL technique was associated. The DLS and TEM confirmed the UV–vis results. Such consideration suggests that combining the chemical reduction and PLFL methods could enable the tuning of the Ag NP size to be tailored for specific applications. This work could open the field for synthesizing NPs and controlling their size using an easy and handy engraving laser.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/473silver nanoparticles<i>Origanum majorana</i> extractpulsed laser fragmentationchemical reductionvisible diode lasersize tunability
spellingShingle Entesar A. Ganash
Reem M. Altuwirqi
Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
Crystals
silver nanoparticles
<i>Origanum majorana</i> extract
pulsed laser fragmentation
chemical reduction
visible diode laser
size tunability
title Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
title_full Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
title_fullStr Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
title_full_unstemmed Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
title_short Dimensional Management of Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles via Concurrent Chemical Reduction with Long-Pulsed Laser Fragmentation in <i>Origanum majorana</i> Extract
title_sort dimensional management of fabricated silver nanoparticles via concurrent chemical reduction with long pulsed laser fragmentation in i origanum majorana i extract
topic silver nanoparticles
<i>Origanum majorana</i> extract
pulsed laser fragmentation
chemical reduction
visible diode laser
size tunability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/473
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