Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies
The adverse effects of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) and other anticancer therapies were compared using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) data. The dataset included 159 FDA-approved anticancer drugs (71 PKIs, 88 nonPKIs) and analyzed 8216 unique adverse event (AE) terms. PKIs showed few...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/2/20 |
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| author | Ioana Lavinia Radulian Georgiana Nitulescu Anca Zanfirescu George Mihai Nitulescu |
| author_facet | Ioana Lavinia Radulian Georgiana Nitulescu Anca Zanfirescu George Mihai Nitulescu |
| author_sort | Ioana Lavinia Radulian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The adverse effects of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) and other anticancer therapies were compared using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) data. The dataset included 159 FDA-approved anticancer drugs (71 PKIs, 88 nonPKIs) and analyzed 8216 unique adverse event (AE) terms. PKIs showed fewer systemic toxicities, with an average of 230.1 distinct AEs per drug, compared to 537.7 in nonPKIs. Hematologic AEs were significantly lower in PKIs (e.g., febrile neutropenia: 1.93% vs. 5.25%; thrombocytopenia: 2.18% vs. 3.87%), coupled with a lower incidence of infections (6.87% vs. 14.2%) and immunosuppressive effects. However, gastrointestinal and skin-related AEs were more common in PKIs (e.g., diarrhea: 13.95% vs. 8.36%). A higher proportion AEs in the PKI group (14.57%) were classified under “Investigations”, compared to the nonPKI group (9.87%). The frequency of “Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders” AEs was twice as high in the PKI group. Clustering analysis grouped drugs by AE profiles, showing that PKIs formed more homogeneous clusters, while nonPKIs had broader variability. Multi-kinase inhibitors with VEGFR activity were linked to dermatologic AEs, likely due to EGFR inhibition in basal keratinocytes. Despite PKIs’ targeted mechanisms, resistance remains a challenge, requiring biomarker-driven strategies. This study highlights PKIs’ improved tolerability but emphasizes using personalized treatment approaches to optimize efficacy and safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8af0a0e044d64ddc875477a061463152 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0036-8709 2218-0532 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientia Pharmaceutica |
| spelling | doaj-art-8af0a0e044d64ddc875477a0614631522025-08-20T03:29:48ZengMDPI AGScientia Pharmaceutica0036-87092218-05322025-04-019322010.3390/scipharm93020020Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer TherapiesIoana Lavinia Radulian0Georgiana Nitulescu1Anca Zanfirescu2George Mihai Nitulescu3Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaFaculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaThe adverse effects of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) and other anticancer therapies were compared using FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) data. The dataset included 159 FDA-approved anticancer drugs (71 PKIs, 88 nonPKIs) and analyzed 8216 unique adverse event (AE) terms. PKIs showed fewer systemic toxicities, with an average of 230.1 distinct AEs per drug, compared to 537.7 in nonPKIs. Hematologic AEs were significantly lower in PKIs (e.g., febrile neutropenia: 1.93% vs. 5.25%; thrombocytopenia: 2.18% vs. 3.87%), coupled with a lower incidence of infections (6.87% vs. 14.2%) and immunosuppressive effects. However, gastrointestinal and skin-related AEs were more common in PKIs (e.g., diarrhea: 13.95% vs. 8.36%). A higher proportion AEs in the PKI group (14.57%) were classified under “Investigations”, compared to the nonPKI group (9.87%). The frequency of “Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders” AEs was twice as high in the PKI group. Clustering analysis grouped drugs by AE profiles, showing that PKIs formed more homogeneous clusters, while nonPKIs had broader variability. Multi-kinase inhibitors with VEGFR activity were linked to dermatologic AEs, likely due to EGFR inhibition in basal keratinocytes. Despite PKIs’ targeted mechanisms, resistance remains a challenge, requiring biomarker-driven strategies. This study highlights PKIs’ improved tolerability but emphasizes using personalized treatment approaches to optimize efficacy and safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/2/20pharmacovigilancedrug-related side effectstarget-specific safety profileoncology pharmacotherapyadverse effectsadverse events |
| spellingShingle | Ioana Lavinia Radulian Georgiana Nitulescu Anca Zanfirescu George Mihai Nitulescu Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies Scientia Pharmaceutica pharmacovigilance drug-related side effects target-specific safety profile oncology pharmacotherapy adverse effects adverse events |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Adverse Effects: Protein Kinase Inhibitors Versus Traditional Anticancer Therapies |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of adverse effects protein kinase inhibitors versus traditional anticancer therapies |
| topic | pharmacovigilance drug-related side effects target-specific safety profile oncology pharmacotherapy adverse effects adverse events |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/93/2/20 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ioanalaviniaradulian comparativeanalysisofadverseeffectsproteinkinaseinhibitorsversustraditionalanticancertherapies AT georgiananitulescu comparativeanalysisofadverseeffectsproteinkinaseinhibitorsversustraditionalanticancertherapies AT ancazanfirescu comparativeanalysisofadverseeffectsproteinkinaseinhibitorsversustraditionalanticancertherapies AT georgemihainitulescu comparativeanalysisofadverseeffectsproteinkinaseinhibitorsversustraditionalanticancertherapies |