Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability

Grid-forming (GFM) inverters enable inverter-based resources to act as voltage sources, providing support to power systems. They are anticipated to serve as a technology capable of replacing synchronous generators. However, during a fault, it is crucial to implement a function that limits their outp...

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Main Authors: Dai Orihara, Hisao Taoka, Hiroshi Kikusato, Jun Hashimoto, Kenji Otani, Rahman Khaliqur, Taha Selim Ustun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806746/
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author Dai Orihara
Hisao Taoka
Hiroshi Kikusato
Jun Hashimoto
Kenji Otani
Rahman Khaliqur
Taha Selim Ustun
author_facet Dai Orihara
Hisao Taoka
Hiroshi Kikusato
Jun Hashimoto
Kenji Otani
Rahman Khaliqur
Taha Selim Ustun
author_sort Dai Orihara
collection DOAJ
description Grid-forming (GFM) inverters enable inverter-based resources to act as voltage sources, providing support to power systems. They are anticipated to serve as a technology capable of replacing synchronous generators. However, during a fault, it is crucial to implement a function that limits their output current to prevent short circuit currents from exceeding their capacity. This raises concerns about the potential deterioration of transient stability in the power system. The influence of current limiting on transient stability depends on the current-limiting methodology. However, comprehensive theoretical evaluations are still lacking. This paper presents the theoretical evaluation of the influence of current limiting on transient stability for various current limitation algorithms. Accordingly, an equivalent virtual impedance (EVI) is proposed as a universal metric. EVI represents an impedance virtually assumed between the voltage source simulated in GFM control and the connection point of the inverter, and is computed so that the current through the EVI matches the limited output current. The transient stability is then assessed for various current-limiting algorithms based on the electric circuit characteristic of EVI. Finally, time-domain simulation is conducted to evaluate the consistency of the assessment.
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id doaj-art-8ac0f7d9bea742d0a0f77fc54b62870d
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
spelling doaj-art-8ac0f7d9bea742d0a0f77fc54b62870d2025-08-20T02:09:34ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics2644-13142025-01-01610911910.1109/OJPEL.2024.352011110806746Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient StabilityDai Orihara0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-4182Hisao Taoka1Hiroshi Kikusato2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-977XJun Hashimoto3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-3791Kenji Otani4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2720-7357Rahman Khaliqur5Taha Selim Ustun6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-8421National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Koriyama, JapanGrid-forming (GFM) inverters enable inverter-based resources to act as voltage sources, providing support to power systems. They are anticipated to serve as a technology capable of replacing synchronous generators. However, during a fault, it is crucial to implement a function that limits their output current to prevent short circuit currents from exceeding their capacity. This raises concerns about the potential deterioration of transient stability in the power system. The influence of current limiting on transient stability depends on the current-limiting methodology. However, comprehensive theoretical evaluations are still lacking. This paper presents the theoretical evaluation of the influence of current limiting on transient stability for various current limitation algorithms. Accordingly, an equivalent virtual impedance (EVI) is proposed as a universal metric. EVI represents an impedance virtually assumed between the voltage source simulated in GFM control and the connection point of the inverter, and is computed so that the current through the EVI matches the limited output current. The transient stability is then assessed for various current-limiting algorithms based on the electric circuit characteristic of EVI. Finally, time-domain simulation is conducted to evaluate the consistency of the assessment.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806746/Current limitinggrid formingpower systemshort circuit ratiotransient stabilityvirtual impedance
spellingShingle Dai Orihara
Hisao Taoka
Hiroshi Kikusato
Jun Hashimoto
Kenji Otani
Rahman Khaliqur
Taha Selim Ustun
Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics
Current limiting
grid forming
power system
short circuit ratio
transient stability
virtual impedance
title Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
title_full Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
title_fullStr Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
title_full_unstemmed Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
title_short Theoretical Comparison of Current Limiting Algorithms in Grid-Forming Inverter in Terms of Transient Stability
title_sort theoretical comparison of current limiting algorithms in grid forming inverter in terms of transient stability
topic Current limiting
grid forming
power system
short circuit ratio
transient stability
virtual impedance
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806746/
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