Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) poses a significant public health challenge. Guidelines recommend primary care physicians use noninvasive tests to assess advanced fibrosis risk and refer at-risk individuals to hepatology specialists. This study examines the prev...

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Main Authors: Supinya Sono, Apichat Kaewdech, Chutimon Wongsawanon, Thatchaphon Varanuntakul, Tian Jarupanich, Nichakan Sritanabutr, Papontee Ruangtanthawat, Monchusa Phanukasemsin, Lipikar Inchan, Naichaya Chamroonkul, Pimsiri Sripongpun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06874-1
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author Supinya Sono
Apichat Kaewdech
Chutimon Wongsawanon
Thatchaphon Varanuntakul
Tian Jarupanich
Nichakan Sritanabutr
Papontee Ruangtanthawat
Monchusa Phanukasemsin
Lipikar Inchan
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Pimsiri Sripongpun
author_facet Supinya Sono
Apichat Kaewdech
Chutimon Wongsawanon
Thatchaphon Varanuntakul
Tian Jarupanich
Nichakan Sritanabutr
Papontee Ruangtanthawat
Monchusa Phanukasemsin
Lipikar Inchan
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Pimsiri Sripongpun
author_sort Supinya Sono
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) poses a significant public health challenge. Guidelines recommend primary care physicians use noninvasive tests to assess advanced fibrosis risk and refer at-risk individuals to hepatology specialists. This study examines the prevalence of MAFLD, fibrosis status, and referral rates in Thailand to enhance the regional care system and provide population-level insights. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in southern Thailand. We included individuals aged ≥ 18 years undergoing health check-up programs that involved abdominal ultrasound and blood tests. Demographics, clinical variables, and referral information were recorded. The BMI and waist circumference (WC) cutoffs for Asians were used. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the FIB-4 index. A total of 5995 individuals were eligible. The prevalence of fatty liver was 45.2%, with 98.6% of those cases meeting the criteria for MAFLD. The prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher among older individuals, males, those with larger WC, elevated fasting glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.01). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis, determined by the FIB-4 > 2.67, was 1.6%. However, only 20% of patients requiring specialized care were referred to specialists. In summary, the prevalence of MAFLD in southern Thailand was 44.6% and advanced fibrosis was found in 1.6% of all MAFLD. Despite requiring specialized care in certain patients, referral rates were quite low. There is a significant opportunity for improving the clinical care and management of MAFLD in this region.
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spelling doaj-art-8abbf7d97db441afad5b5d064fd8754d2025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-06874-1Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis statusSupinya Sono0Apichat Kaewdech1Chutimon Wongsawanon2Thatchaphon Varanuntakul3Tian Jarupanich4Nichakan Sritanabutr5Papontee Ruangtanthawat6Monchusa Phanukasemsin7Lipikar Inchan8Naichaya Chamroonkul9Pimsiri Sripongpun10Division of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityDivision of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla UniversityAbstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) poses a significant public health challenge. Guidelines recommend primary care physicians use noninvasive tests to assess advanced fibrosis risk and refer at-risk individuals to hepatology specialists. This study examines the prevalence of MAFLD, fibrosis status, and referral rates in Thailand to enhance the regional care system and provide population-level insights. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in southern Thailand. We included individuals aged ≥ 18 years undergoing health check-up programs that involved abdominal ultrasound and blood tests. Demographics, clinical variables, and referral information were recorded. The BMI and waist circumference (WC) cutoffs for Asians were used. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the FIB-4 index. A total of 5995 individuals were eligible. The prevalence of fatty liver was 45.2%, with 98.6% of those cases meeting the criteria for MAFLD. The prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher among older individuals, males, those with larger WC, elevated fasting glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.01). The prevalence of advanced fibrosis, determined by the FIB-4 > 2.67, was 1.6%. However, only 20% of patients requiring specialized care were referred to specialists. In summary, the prevalence of MAFLD in southern Thailand was 44.6% and advanced fibrosis was found in 1.6% of all MAFLD. Despite requiring specialized care in certain patients, referral rates were quite low. There is a significant opportunity for improving the clinical care and management of MAFLD in this region.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06874-1
spellingShingle Supinya Sono
Apichat Kaewdech
Chutimon Wongsawanon
Thatchaphon Varanuntakul
Tian Jarupanich
Nichakan Sritanabutr
Papontee Ruangtanthawat
Monchusa Phanukasemsin
Lipikar Inchan
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Pimsiri Sripongpun
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
Scientific Reports
title Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
title_full Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
title_fullStr Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
title_short Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the adult population attending a health check-up program in Thailand: prevalence and fibrosis status
title_sort metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease mafld in the adult population attending a health check up program in thailand prevalence and fibrosis status
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06874-1
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