Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers

<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a major cause of patient death in intensive care units (ICUs). Rapid diagnosis of sepsis assists in optimizing treatments and improves outcomes. Several biomarkers are employed to aid in the diagnosis, prognostication, severity grading, and sub-type discrimin...

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Main Authors: Mai S. Sater, Nourah Almansour, Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla, Salim Fredericks, Muhalab E. Ali, Hayder A. Giha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/217
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author Mai S. Sater
Nourah Almansour
Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
Salim Fredericks
Muhalab E. Ali
Hayder A. Giha
author_facet Mai S. Sater
Nourah Almansour
Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
Salim Fredericks
Muhalab E. Ali
Hayder A. Giha
author_sort Mai S. Sater
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a major cause of patient death in intensive care units (ICUs). Rapid diagnosis of sepsis assists in optimizing treatments and improves outcomes. Several biomarkers are employed to aid in the diagnosis, prognostication, severity grading, and sub-type discrimination of severe septic infections (SSIs), including current diagnostic parameters, hemostatic measures, and specific organ dysfunction markers. <b>Methods:</b> This study involved 129 critically ill adults categorized into three groups: sepsis (Se = 48), pneumonia (Pn = 48), and Se/Pn (33). Concentrations of five plasma markers (IL-6, IL-8, TREM1, uPAR, and presepsin) were compared with 13 well-established measures of SSI in critically ill patients. These measures were heart rate (HR), white blood count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate plasma concentrations, and measures of hemostasis status (platelets count (PLT), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalization ratio (INR) and D-dimer). Plasma bilirubin and creatinine served as indicators of liver and kidney dysfunction, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Promising roles for these biomarkers were found. The best results were for presepsin, which scored 10/13, followed by IL-6 and IL-8 (each scored 7/13), and the worst were for TREM-1 and uPAR (scored 3/13). Presepsin, IL-6, and IL-8 discriminated between the SSI sub-types, whilst only presepsin correlated with bilirubin and creatinine. uPAR was positive for kidney dysfunction, and TREM-1 was the only indicator of artificial ventilation (AV). <b>Conclusions:</b> Presepsin is an important potential biomarker in SSIs. However, further work is needed to define this marker’s diagnostic and prognostic cutoff values.
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spelling doaj-art-8aba9f97158f429f976e6cd35960be592025-01-24T13:29:09ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115221710.3390/diagnostics15020217Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic MarkersMai S. Sater0Nourah Almansour1Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla2Salim Fredericks3Muhalab E. Ali4Hayder A. Giha5Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama 293, BahrainImmunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama 293, BahrainDepartment of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland–Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI-MUB), Busaiteen 228, BahrainDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama 293, BahrainMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khartoum, Sudan<b>Background:</b> Sepsis is a major cause of patient death in intensive care units (ICUs). Rapid diagnosis of sepsis assists in optimizing treatments and improves outcomes. Several biomarkers are employed to aid in the diagnosis, prognostication, severity grading, and sub-type discrimination of severe septic infections (SSIs), including current diagnostic parameters, hemostatic measures, and specific organ dysfunction markers. <b>Methods:</b> This study involved 129 critically ill adults categorized into three groups: sepsis (Se = 48), pneumonia (Pn = 48), and Se/Pn (33). Concentrations of five plasma markers (IL-6, IL-8, TREM1, uPAR, and presepsin) were compared with 13 well-established measures of SSI in critically ill patients. These measures were heart rate (HR), white blood count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate plasma concentrations, and measures of hemostasis status (platelets count (PLT), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalization ratio (INR) and D-dimer). Plasma bilirubin and creatinine served as indicators of liver and kidney dysfunction, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Promising roles for these biomarkers were found. The best results were for presepsin, which scored 10/13, followed by IL-6 and IL-8 (each scored 7/13), and the worst were for TREM-1 and uPAR (scored 3/13). Presepsin, IL-6, and IL-8 discriminated between the SSI sub-types, whilst only presepsin correlated with bilirubin and creatinine. uPAR was positive for kidney dysfunction, and TREM-1 was the only indicator of artificial ventilation (AV). <b>Conclusions:</b> Presepsin is an important potential biomarker in SSIs. However, further work is needed to define this marker’s diagnostic and prognostic cutoff values.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/217sepsiscritically ill patientsdiagnosisbiomarkerspresepsincytokines
spellingShingle Mai S. Sater
Nourah Almansour
Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
Salim Fredericks
Muhalab E. Ali
Hayder A. Giha
Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
Diagnostics
sepsis
critically ill patients
diagnosis
biomarkers
presepsin
cytokines
title Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
title_full Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
title_fullStr Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
title_full_unstemmed Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
title_short Potentials of Presepsin as a Novel Sepsis Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults: Correlation Analysis with the Current Diagnostic Markers
title_sort potentials of presepsin as a novel sepsis biomarker in critically ill adults correlation analysis with the current diagnostic markers
topic sepsis
critically ill patients
diagnosis
biomarkers
presepsin
cytokines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/217
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