CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation
This study develops and validates a three-dimensional CFD model for a 12 L large-bore active-type pre-chamber spark-ignition (PCSI) engine fueled by natural gas. The model incorporates an advanced Extended Coherent Flamelet Model (ECFM-3Z) with a tuned stretch factor to capture complex turbulence–fl...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1600 |
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| author | Soo-Jin Jeong Seokpan Seo Seong-Joon Moon |
| author_facet | Soo-Jin Jeong Seokpan Seo Seong-Joon Moon |
| author_sort | Soo-Jin Jeong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study develops and validates a three-dimensional CFD model for a 12 L large-bore active-type pre-chamber spark-ignition (PCSI) engine fueled by natural gas. The model incorporates an advanced Extended Coherent Flamelet Model (ECFM-3Z) with a tuned stretch factor to capture complex turbulence–flame interactions, flame propagation, and pollutant formation under ultra-lean conditions. By systematically varying pre-chamber geometries—specifically the orifice diameter, cone angle, diverging tapered nozzle, and volume—the simulations assess their effects on combustion dynamics, heat release rates, turbulent jet penetration, and emissions (NOx and CO). Model predictions of in-cylinder and pre-chamber pressure profiles, combustion phasing, and emission trends are validated against experimental data. The results demonstrate that optimizing pre-chamber and orifice configurations enhances turbulent mixing, accelerates flame development, and reduces local high-temperature zones, thereby suppressing NOx and CO formation. Although some discrepancies in NOx predictions persist due to limitations in current turbulence–chemistry models, the findings offer valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency, low-emission PCSI engines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ab7caed5e03477499f07f9a61e00915 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ab7caed5e03477499f07f9a61e009152025-08-20T02:09:13ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-03-01187160010.3390/en18071600CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental ValidationSoo-Jin Jeong0Seokpan Seo1Seong-Joon Moon2Alternative Fuel Power System R&D Department, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, Republic of KoreaSTX Engine Co., Ltd., 36, Gongdan-ro, 474 beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51574, Republic of KoreaAlternative Fuel Power System R&D Department, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31214, Republic of KoreaThis study develops and validates a three-dimensional CFD model for a 12 L large-bore active-type pre-chamber spark-ignition (PCSI) engine fueled by natural gas. The model incorporates an advanced Extended Coherent Flamelet Model (ECFM-3Z) with a tuned stretch factor to capture complex turbulence–flame interactions, flame propagation, and pollutant formation under ultra-lean conditions. By systematically varying pre-chamber geometries—specifically the orifice diameter, cone angle, diverging tapered nozzle, and volume—the simulations assess their effects on combustion dynamics, heat release rates, turbulent jet penetration, and emissions (NOx and CO). Model predictions of in-cylinder and pre-chamber pressure profiles, combustion phasing, and emission trends are validated against experimental data. The results demonstrate that optimizing pre-chamber and orifice configurations enhances turbulent mixing, accelerates flame development, and reduces local high-temperature zones, thereby suppressing NOx and CO formation. Although some discrepancies in NOx predictions persist due to limitations in current turbulence–chemistry models, the findings offer valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency, low-emission PCSI engines.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1600natural gasactive pre-chambercomputational fluid dynamicspre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI)lean, premixed natural gas combustionturbulent jet ignition |
| spellingShingle | Soo-Jin Jeong Seokpan Seo Seong-Joon Moon CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation Energies natural gas active pre-chamber computational fluid dynamics pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) lean, premixed natural gas combustion turbulent jet ignition |
| title | CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation |
| title_full | CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation |
| title_fullStr | CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation |
| title_short | CFD Simulation of Pre-Chamber Spark-Ignition Large Bore CNG Engine: Model Development, Practical Applications, and Experimental Validation |
| title_sort | cfd simulation of pre chamber spark ignition large bore cng engine model development practical applications and experimental validation |
| topic | natural gas active pre-chamber computational fluid dynamics pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) lean, premixed natural gas combustion turbulent jet ignition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1600 |
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