The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents

Social network homogeneity is considered one of the key drivers of the rise in affective polarization. As opportunities for contact with different others decrease, out‐group animosity increases, fueling political conflict and destabilizing democracy. At the same time, research suggests that diverse...

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Main Authors: Paulina Górska, Dominika Bulska, Maciej Górski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cogitatio 2025-08-01
Series:Social Inclusion
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Online Access:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10282
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author Paulina Górska
Dominika Bulska
Maciej Górski
author_facet Paulina Górska
Dominika Bulska
Maciej Górski
author_sort Paulina Górska
collection DOAJ
description Social network homogeneity is considered one of the key drivers of the rise in affective polarization. As opportunities for contact with different others decrease, out‐group animosity increases, fueling political conflict and destabilizing democracy. At the same time, research suggests that diverse social networks foster tolerance for opposing viewpoints. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, empirical studies show that individuals with more politically diverse networks hold more favorable attitudes toward their political opponents. However, it remains unclear whether network heterogeneity affects intergroup relations in the same way as intergroup contact or whether it represents a distinct source of depolarization. Furthermore, there is limited empirical evidence on the psychological mechanisms through which network heterogeneity influences attitudes toward political opponents. In this article, we address these gaps by presenting the results of a 2019 survey study (𝑁 = 378) conducted in Poland, within a highly polarized context. We show that having a more heterogeneous social network in terms of partisanship is indirectly related to more positive attitudes toward political opponents—an effect explained sequentially by diminished moral conviction and weakened party identification, as well as by weakened party identification alone. Contrary to what has been assumed, this effect is independent of traditionally operationalized intergroup contact, both in terms of its quantity and quality.
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spelling doaj-art-8ab3301d1d454be19b1773e978aa49302025-08-20T03:45:07ZengCogitatioSocial Inclusion2183-28032025-08-0113010.17645/si.102824283The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political OpponentsPaulina Górska0Dominika Bulska1Maciej Górski2Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Poland / Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland / Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, PolandSocial network homogeneity is considered one of the key drivers of the rise in affective polarization. As opportunities for contact with different others decrease, out‐group animosity increases, fueling political conflict and destabilizing democracy. At the same time, research suggests that diverse social networks foster tolerance for opposing viewpoints. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, empirical studies show that individuals with more politically diverse networks hold more favorable attitudes toward their political opponents. However, it remains unclear whether network heterogeneity affects intergroup relations in the same way as intergroup contact or whether it represents a distinct source of depolarization. Furthermore, there is limited empirical evidence on the psychological mechanisms through which network heterogeneity influences attitudes toward political opponents. In this article, we address these gaps by presenting the results of a 2019 survey study (𝑁 = 378) conducted in Poland, within a highly polarized context. We show that having a more heterogeneous social network in terms of partisanship is indirectly related to more positive attitudes toward political opponents—an effect explained sequentially by diminished moral conviction and weakened party identification, as well as by weakened party identification alone. Contrary to what has been assumed, this effect is independent of traditionally operationalized intergroup contact, both in terms of its quantity and quality.https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10282affective polarizationmoralizationparty identificationsocial networks
spellingShingle Paulina Górska
Dominika Bulska
Maciej Górski
The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
Social Inclusion
affective polarization
moralization
party identification
social networks
title The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
title_full The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
title_fullStr The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
title_full_unstemmed The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
title_short The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents
title_sort more the merrier the effect of social network heterogeneity on attitudes toward political opponents
topic affective polarization
moralization
party identification
social networks
url https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10282
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