A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early metastases. As a neuroendocrine tumour, SCLC is especially notorious for various paraneoplastic syndromes, one of which is a rare neurological syndrome called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis...

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Main Authors: Jessa Letargo, X. Melody Qu, Timothy K. Nguyen, Alexander V. Louie, Sara Kuruvilla, Enxhi Kotrri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Current Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/366
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author Jessa Letargo
X. Melody Qu
Timothy K. Nguyen
Alexander V. Louie
Sara Kuruvilla
Enxhi Kotrri
author_facet Jessa Letargo
X. Melody Qu
Timothy K. Nguyen
Alexander V. Louie
Sara Kuruvilla
Enxhi Kotrri
author_sort Jessa Letargo
collection DOAJ
description Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early metastases. As a neuroendocrine tumour, SCLC is especially notorious for various paraneoplastic syndromes, one of which is a rare neurological syndrome called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) that manifests with amnestic cognitive impairment and seizures. Here, we describe a case of a 53-year-old female who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive impairment that started months prior to being diagnosed with extensive-stage SCLC. With no previous neuropsychiatric history, this raised the question of whether her presentation was related to PLE rather than a primary psychiatric condition, as initially diagnosed. Her symptoms improved with chemotherapy and radiation treatment of the underlying cancer, favouring a paraneoplastic etiology. Overall, this case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in patients presenting with new neuropsychiatric symptoms, as early recognition and treatment can improve prognosis.
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series Current Oncology
spelling doaj-art-8aabdf8527264406bdb72a1f8a8e3dc92025-08-20T02:24:42ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292025-06-0132636610.3390/curroncol32060366A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case ReportJessa Letargo0X. Melody Qu1Timothy K. Nguyen2Alexander V. Louie3Sara Kuruvilla4Enxhi Kotrri5Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDivision of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, CanadaDivision of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, CanadaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON N6A 5W9, CanadaDivision of Medical Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, CanadaDivision of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, CanadaSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early metastases. As a neuroendocrine tumour, SCLC is especially notorious for various paraneoplastic syndromes, one of which is a rare neurological syndrome called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) that manifests with amnestic cognitive impairment and seizures. Here, we describe a case of a 53-year-old female who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive impairment that started months prior to being diagnosed with extensive-stage SCLC. With no previous neuropsychiatric history, this raised the question of whether her presentation was related to PLE rather than a primary psychiatric condition, as initially diagnosed. Her symptoms improved with chemotherapy and radiation treatment of the underlying cancer, favouring a paraneoplastic etiology. Overall, this case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in patients presenting with new neuropsychiatric symptoms, as early recognition and treatment can improve prognosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/366small cell lung cancerparaneoplasticlimbic encephalitis
spellingShingle Jessa Letargo
X. Melody Qu
Timothy K. Nguyen
Alexander V. Louie
Sara Kuruvilla
Enxhi Kotrri
A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
Current Oncology
small cell lung cancer
paraneoplastic
limbic encephalitis
title A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
title_full A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
title_fullStr A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
title_short A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report
title_sort neuropsychiatric prelude to unveiling small cell lung cancer with suspected paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis a case report
topic small cell lung cancer
paraneoplastic
limbic encephalitis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/32/6/366
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