Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study

Aim To investigate the changes in tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in patients with chronic k...

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Main Authors: Liuxia You, Zhongying Xu, Qiaoling Liu, Guoming Jin, Changting Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-04-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19240.pdf
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author Liuxia You
Zhongying Xu
Qiaoling Liu
Guoming Jin
Changting Wang
author_facet Liuxia You
Zhongying Xu
Qiaoling Liu
Guoming Jin
Changting Wang
author_sort Liuxia You
collection DOAJ
description Aim To investigate the changes in tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as compared to healthy individuals, and to analyze the potential indicators that can be utilized for monitoring early renal dysfunction, was the aim of this study. Methods This retrospective study involved 522 participants from our hospital, including 172 patients with CKD and 350 controls. CKD patients were divided into CKD1, CKD2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 stages according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Plasma creatinine and general clinical data were collected upon admission. Results The level of tumor biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4, were elevated in patients with CKD (p < 0.05). There were differences in CEA, CA125, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4 between the control and CKD groups. The subgroup study showed that CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4 were elevated in patients with CKD having normal serum creatinine compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). ProGRP and HE4 have high predictive values for early renal insufficiency with area under the curve of 0.736 and 0.931, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HE4 and proGRP were positively correlated with the stages of CKD, with correlation coefficients of 0.623 and 0.712, respectively. Conclusions Patients with CKD have higher tumor markers, some of which are helpful for the early diagnosis of renal impairment.
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spelling doaj-art-8aa9630d7e8e4c85b1148722ff002aed2025-08-20T03:07:57ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-04-0113e1924010.7717/peerj.19240Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective studyLiuxia You0Zhongying Xu1Qiaoling Liu2Guoming Jin3Changting Wang4Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Guli People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, ChinaAim To investigate the changes in tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA15-3), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as compared to healthy individuals, and to analyze the potential indicators that can be utilized for monitoring early renal dysfunction, was the aim of this study. Methods This retrospective study involved 522 participants from our hospital, including 172 patients with CKD and 350 controls. CKD patients were divided into CKD1, CKD2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 stages according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Plasma creatinine and general clinical data were collected upon admission. Results The level of tumor biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4, were elevated in patients with CKD (p < 0.05). There were differences in CEA, CA125, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4 between the control and CKD groups. The subgroup study showed that CEA, CA15-3, CA19-9, NSE, proGRP, and HE4 were elevated in patients with CKD having normal serum creatinine compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). ProGRP and HE4 have high predictive values for early renal insufficiency with area under the curve of 0.736 and 0.931, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HE4 and proGRP were positively correlated with the stages of CKD, with correlation coefficients of 0.623 and 0.712, respectively. Conclusions Patients with CKD have higher tumor markers, some of which are helpful for the early diagnosis of renal impairment.https://peerj.com/articles/19240.pdfChronic kidney diseaseTumor biomarkersDiagnosis
spellingShingle Liuxia You
Zhongying Xu
Qiaoling Liu
Guoming Jin
Changting Wang
Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
PeerJ
Chronic kidney disease
Tumor biomarkers
Diagnosis
title Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
title_full Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
title_short Tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective study
title_sort tumor marker elevations in chronic kidney disease a retrospective study
topic Chronic kidney disease
Tumor biomarkers
Diagnosis
url https://peerj.com/articles/19240.pdf
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