Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image

Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate how different parental rearing styles (i.e., maternal and paternal) influence adolescent self-esteem, with specific emphasis on the mediating roles of body satisfaction and body attractiveness as core dimensions of body image. Methodology A cross-secti...

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Main Authors: Shuyu Huang, Zhengwei Wan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02887-7
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author Shuyu Huang
Zhengwei Wan
author_facet Shuyu Huang
Zhengwei Wan
author_sort Shuyu Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose This study aims to investigate how different parental rearing styles (i.e., maternal and paternal) influence adolescent self-esteem, with specific emphasis on the mediating roles of body satisfaction and body attractiveness as core dimensions of body image. Methodology A cross-sectional survey design was employed using a sample of 2,806 elementary school students aged 6 to 13 from two schools. Validated scales measured maternal and paternal rearing styles, body satisfaction, body attractiveness, and self-esteem. Pearson correlation analyses and path modeling were conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of rearing styles on adolescent self-esteem, focusing on the multiple mediation pathways via body image dimensions. Findings Results indicate that maternal rearing styles directly enhance self-esteem while also exerting positive indirect effects through improved body satisfaction and body attractiveness. In contrast, paternal rearing styles predominantly influence self-esteem indirectly through body satisfaction, without showing direct effects on body attractiveness or self-esteem. Further analysis confirms that both body satisfaction and body attractiveness jointly mediate the impact of parental rearing styles on adolescents’ self-esteem, revealing a multifaceted mediating mechanism. Implications These findings underscore the importance of adopting nurturing, autonomy-supportive parenting strategies—especially maternal emotional warmth—to strengthen adolescents’ body image and foster a healthier sense of self-worth. Educators, parents, and policymakers can leverage these insights to design family-focused interventions and school programs that promote positive body image, ultimately contributing to adolescents’ psychological well-being. By emphasizing both maternal and paternal roles, stakeholders can more effectively safeguard and enhance adolescent self-esteem within diverse cultural contexts.
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spelling doaj-art-8a9ebbd6b2d14141b526e9b13711cab12025-08-20T03:08:46ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-05-011311810.1186/s40359-025-02887-7Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body imageShuyu Huang0Zhengwei Wan1College of Teachers, Chengdu UniversityCollege of Teachers, Chengdu UniversityAbstract Purpose This study aims to investigate how different parental rearing styles (i.e., maternal and paternal) influence adolescent self-esteem, with specific emphasis on the mediating roles of body satisfaction and body attractiveness as core dimensions of body image. Methodology A cross-sectional survey design was employed using a sample of 2,806 elementary school students aged 6 to 13 from two schools. Validated scales measured maternal and paternal rearing styles, body satisfaction, body attractiveness, and self-esteem. Pearson correlation analyses and path modeling were conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of rearing styles on adolescent self-esteem, focusing on the multiple mediation pathways via body image dimensions. Findings Results indicate that maternal rearing styles directly enhance self-esteem while also exerting positive indirect effects through improved body satisfaction and body attractiveness. In contrast, paternal rearing styles predominantly influence self-esteem indirectly through body satisfaction, without showing direct effects on body attractiveness or self-esteem. Further analysis confirms that both body satisfaction and body attractiveness jointly mediate the impact of parental rearing styles on adolescents’ self-esteem, revealing a multifaceted mediating mechanism. Implications These findings underscore the importance of adopting nurturing, autonomy-supportive parenting strategies—especially maternal emotional warmth—to strengthen adolescents’ body image and foster a healthier sense of self-worth. Educators, parents, and policymakers can leverage these insights to design family-focused interventions and school programs that promote positive body image, ultimately contributing to adolescents’ psychological well-being. By emphasizing both maternal and paternal roles, stakeholders can more effectively safeguard and enhance adolescent self-esteem within diverse cultural contexts.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02887-7Parental rearing stylesSelf-EsteemBody imageMediation model
spellingShingle Shuyu Huang
Zhengwei Wan
Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
BMC Psychology
Parental rearing styles
Self-Esteem
Body image
Mediation model
title Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
title_full Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
title_fullStr Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
title_full_unstemmed Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
title_short Parental rearing styles and adolescent self-esteem: the mediating roles of body image
title_sort parental rearing styles and adolescent self esteem the mediating roles of body image
topic Parental rearing styles
Self-Esteem
Body image
Mediation model
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02887-7
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AT zhengweiwan parentalrearingstylesandadolescentselfesteemthemediatingrolesofbodyimage