Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis

The performance of direct tests, such as bacteriological culture and qPCR, for the diagnosis of brucellosis has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, often based on small sample sizes. Moreover, the absence of a gold standard makes this assessment even more challenging. A potential alternat...

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Main Authors: Giovanna Fusco, Alessandro Bellato, Lorena Cardillo, Agata Campione, Michela Di Roberto, Anna Cerrone, Francesca Bove, Roberta Pellicanò, Maria Ottaiano, Marco Esposito, Antonio Limone, Anna Rita Attili, Esterina De Carlo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Veterinary Quarterly
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753
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author Giovanna Fusco
Alessandro Bellato
Lorena Cardillo
Agata Campione
Michela Di Roberto
Anna Cerrone
Francesca Bove
Roberta Pellicanò
Maria Ottaiano
Marco Esposito
Antonio Limone
Anna Rita Attili
Esterina De Carlo
author_facet Giovanna Fusco
Alessandro Bellato
Lorena Cardillo
Agata Campione
Michela Di Roberto
Anna Cerrone
Francesca Bove
Roberta Pellicanò
Maria Ottaiano
Marco Esposito
Antonio Limone
Anna Rita Attili
Esterina De Carlo
author_sort Giovanna Fusco
collection DOAJ
description The performance of direct tests, such as bacteriological culture and qPCR, for the diagnosis of brucellosis has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, often based on small sample sizes. Moreover, the absence of a gold standard makes this assessment even more challenging. A potential alternative for evaluating the performance of direct tests is Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA), which does not require prior knowledge of disease status or a gold standard. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of bacteriological culture for brucellosis diagnosis. In a brucellosis-endemic area, a large number of seronegative and seropositive buffaloes and cattle were tested using bacteriological culture and qPCR. BLCA was applied to estimate the performance of both tests. The median Se of bacteriological culture was estimated at 61.3%, compared to 70.9% of qPCR. The median Sp was 99.6% for bacteriological culture and 89.3% for qPCR. Bacteriological culture demonstrated a higher Positive Predictive Value (PPV) than qPCR in both buffaloes and cattle, whereas the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the two methods did not differ significantly. These results suggest that, in settings of low brucellosis prevalence, a positive bacteriological culture has a greater predictive value than qPCR .
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publishDate 2025-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-8a94fbe3b8d747729cf0462476fca3952025-08-20T03:25:16ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVeterinary Quarterly0165-21761875-59412025-12-0145111010.1080/01652176.2025.2514753Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysisGiovanna Fusco0Alessandro Bellato1Lorena Cardillo2Agata Campione3Michela Di Roberto4Anna Cerrone5Francesca Bove6Roberta Pellicanò7Maria Ottaiano8Marco Esposito9Antonio Limone10Anna Rita Attili11Esterina De Carlo12Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyRegional Observatory of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyRegional Observatory of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyUOD Prevenzione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Regione Campania, Naples, ItalyGeneral Direction, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalySchool of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università di Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, ItalyScientific Direction, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, ItalyThe performance of direct tests, such as bacteriological culture and qPCR, for the diagnosis of brucellosis has been evaluated in a limited number of studies, often based on small sample sizes. Moreover, the absence of a gold standard makes this assessment even more challenging. A potential alternative for evaluating the performance of direct tests is Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA), which does not require prior knowledge of disease status or a gold standard. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of bacteriological culture for brucellosis diagnosis. In a brucellosis-endemic area, a large number of seronegative and seropositive buffaloes and cattle were tested using bacteriological culture and qPCR. BLCA was applied to estimate the performance of both tests. The median Se of bacteriological culture was estimated at 61.3%, compared to 70.9% of qPCR. The median Sp was 99.6% for bacteriological culture and 89.3% for qPCR. Bacteriological culture demonstrated a higher Positive Predictive Value (PPV) than qPCR in both buffaloes and cattle, whereas the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of the two methods did not differ significantly. These results suggest that, in settings of low brucellosis prevalence, a positive bacteriological culture has a greater predictive value than qPCR .https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753BrucellosisBayesian modellingbacteriological culturesensitivityspecificitylivestock
spellingShingle Giovanna Fusco
Alessandro Bellato
Lorena Cardillo
Agata Campione
Michela Di Roberto
Anna Cerrone
Francesca Bove
Roberta Pellicanò
Maria Ottaiano
Marco Esposito
Antonio Limone
Anna Rita Attili
Esterina De Carlo
Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
Veterinary Quarterly
Brucellosis
Bayesian modelling
bacteriological culture
sensitivity
specificity
livestock
title Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
title_full Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
title_fullStr Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
title_full_unstemmed Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
title_short Large-scale evaluation of bacteriological-based method and qPCR performance for Brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using Bayesian latent class analysis
title_sort large scale evaluation of bacteriological based method and qpcr performance for brucellosis diagnosis in livestock using bayesian latent class analysis
topic Brucellosis
Bayesian modelling
bacteriological culture
sensitivity
specificity
livestock
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/01652176.2025.2514753
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