Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System

Introduction: Trimalleolar and quadrimalleolar fractures have a worse prognosis than other ankle fractures and are frequently associated with other injuries. Anatomic reduction of the fracture and the inferior tibiofibular joint is crucial to restore joint function; anyway, 4% of syndesmoses may bec...

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Main Authors: Hernán E Coria, Daniela Blanco, Héctor J Masaragian, Luciano Mizdraji, Fernando D Perin, Leonel Rega, Mauricio Rodriguez Acuña, Johann Veizaga Velasco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific)
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Online Access:https://www.jfasap.com/doi/JFASAP/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1400
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author Hernán E Coria
Daniela Blanco
Héctor J Masaragian
Luciano Mizdraji
Fernando D Perin
Leonel Rega
Mauricio Rodriguez Acuña
Johann Veizaga Velasco
author_facet Hernán E Coria
Daniela Blanco
Héctor J Masaragian
Luciano Mizdraji
Fernando D Perin
Leonel Rega
Mauricio Rodriguez Acuña
Johann Veizaga Velasco
author_sort Hernán E Coria
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Trimalleolar and quadrimalleolar fractures have a worse prognosis than other ankle fractures and are frequently associated with other injuries. Anatomic reduction of the fracture and the inferior tibiofibular joint is crucial to restore joint function; anyway, 4% of syndesmoses may become unstable. Loose bodies associated with these fractures may cause poor reductions and compromise joint mechanics. The aim of this study is to classify syndesmotic loose bodies according to their location and to explore the relationship that exists according to the type of fracture. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 82 ankle fractures with syndesmotic loose bodies treated between 2006 and 2024. Computed tomography (CT) scans and X-rays were performed. Ankle fractures were classified according to Webber/AO, and posterior malleolar fragments according to Haraguchi and Bartoníček/Rammelt. Syndesmotic loose bodies were classified into four types according to the syndesmotic region they occupied on CT scans. Results: About 26 patients were male and 56 were female, mean age was 59.1 years. We found 73 B3 and 9 C3 fractures. Type I loose bodies were found in 22 patients (27%), type II in 35 patients (43%), type III in 13 patients (15%), and in multiple areas, type IV in 12 patients (15%). Conclusion: Tomographic classification system of syndesmotic loose bodies is useful for recognizing and locating intrasyndesmotic loose bodies. Type II loose bodies were the most frequently found (43%) and were mainly associated with B3 fractures and Haraguchi type I and Bartoníček/Rammelt type II fragments. Clinical significance: This study highlights the importance of recognizing and classifying syndesmotic loose bodies as essential steps when aiming for an accurate resolution. Level of evidence IV.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2348-280X
2394-7705
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific)
spelling doaj-art-8a9429d86ff446c9862ad2c3cd70ef1f2025-08-20T04:02:27ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherJournal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific)2348-280X2394-77052025-06-0112311611910.5005/jp-journals-10040-14003Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification SystemHernán E Coria0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-4763Daniela Blanco1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0490-4295Héctor J Masaragian2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-5121Luciano Mizdraji3Fernando D Perin4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-7576Leonel Rega5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-5318Mauricio Rodriguez Acuña6https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6000-7667Johann Veizaga Velasco7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-2944Hernan E Coria, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Foot and Ankle Surgery Section, Hospital Militar Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Phone: 541134746957Equipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEquipo Cirugía del Pie, Clínica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaIntroduction: Trimalleolar and quadrimalleolar fractures have a worse prognosis than other ankle fractures and are frequently associated with other injuries. Anatomic reduction of the fracture and the inferior tibiofibular joint is crucial to restore joint function; anyway, 4% of syndesmoses may become unstable. Loose bodies associated with these fractures may cause poor reductions and compromise joint mechanics. The aim of this study is to classify syndesmotic loose bodies according to their location and to explore the relationship that exists according to the type of fracture. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 82 ankle fractures with syndesmotic loose bodies treated between 2006 and 2024. Computed tomography (CT) scans and X-rays were performed. Ankle fractures were classified according to Webber/AO, and posterior malleolar fragments according to Haraguchi and Bartoníček/Rammelt. Syndesmotic loose bodies were classified into four types according to the syndesmotic region they occupied on CT scans. Results: About 26 patients were male and 56 were female, mean age was 59.1 years. We found 73 B3 and 9 C3 fractures. Type I loose bodies were found in 22 patients (27%), type II in 35 patients (43%), type III in 13 patients (15%), and in multiple areas, type IV in 12 patients (15%). Conclusion: Tomographic classification system of syndesmotic loose bodies is useful for recognizing and locating intrasyndesmotic loose bodies. Type II loose bodies were the most frequently found (43%) and were mainly associated with B3 fractures and Haraguchi type I and Bartoníček/Rammelt type II fragments. Clinical significance: This study highlights the importance of recognizing and classifying syndesmotic loose bodies as essential steps when aiming for an accurate resolution. Level of evidence IV.https://www.jfasap.com/doi/JFASAP/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1400ankle fracturesclassificationjoint loose bodyposterior malleolar fracturequadrimalleolar fracturesyndesmotic injurytrimalleolar fracture
spellingShingle Hernán E Coria
Daniela Blanco
Héctor J Masaragian
Luciano Mizdraji
Fernando D Perin
Leonel Rega
Mauricio Rodriguez Acuña
Johann Veizaga Velasco
Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific)
ankle fractures
classification
joint loose body
posterior malleolar fracture
quadrimalleolar fracture
syndesmotic injury
trimalleolar fracture
title Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
title_full Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
title_fullStr Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
title_full_unstemmed Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
title_short Syndesmotic Loose Bodies in Complex Ankle Fractures: Classification System
title_sort syndesmotic loose bodies in complex ankle fractures classification system
topic ankle fractures
classification
joint loose body
posterior malleolar fracture
quadrimalleolar fracture
syndesmotic injury
trimalleolar fracture
url https://www.jfasap.com/doi/JFASAP/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10040-1400
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