Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification

Abstract Text classification aims to establish text distinctions, which face difficulty in capturing global text semantics and local details. To address this issue, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). Specifically, AFIENet uses two branches to model the text glo...

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Main Authors: Rui Su, Shangbing Gao, Kefan Zhao, Junqiang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95492-y
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author Rui Su
Shangbing Gao
Kefan Zhao
Junqiang Zhang
author_facet Rui Su
Shangbing Gao
Kefan Zhao
Junqiang Zhang
author_sort Rui Su
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Text classification aims to establish text distinctions, which face difficulty in capturing global text semantics and local details. To address this issue, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). Specifically, AFIENet uses two branches to model the text globally and locally. The adaptive segmentation module in the local network can dynamically split the text and capture key phrases, while the global network grasps the overall central semantics. After obtaining the results from the two branches, an interaction gate is designed to evaluate the confidence of the global features and selectively fuse them with the local features effectively. Finally, the interactively enhanced features are re-input into the classifier to improve text classification performance. Experiment results show that our proposed method can effectively enhance the performance of backbone networks such as TextCNN, RNN, and Transformer with fewer parameters. AFIENet achieved an average accuracy of 3.82% and an F1-score of 3.88% improvement across the three datasets when using Transformer as the backbone network. The comparable results to MacBERT that obtained with static word vectors also reflect the applicability of the proposed method.
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spelling doaj-art-8a80d3ecc14349c7a0008810fb6aa73f2025-08-20T03:05:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-95492-yAdaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classificationRui Su0Shangbing Gao1Kefan Zhao2Junqiang Zhang3School of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologySchool of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologySchool of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologySchool of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyAbstract Text classification aims to establish text distinctions, which face difficulty in capturing global text semantics and local details. To address this issue, we propose an Adaptive Feature Interactive Enhancement Network (AFIENet). Specifically, AFIENet uses two branches to model the text globally and locally. The adaptive segmentation module in the local network can dynamically split the text and capture key phrases, while the global network grasps the overall central semantics. After obtaining the results from the two branches, an interaction gate is designed to evaluate the confidence of the global features and selectively fuse them with the local features effectively. Finally, the interactively enhanced features are re-input into the classifier to improve text classification performance. Experiment results show that our proposed method can effectively enhance the performance of backbone networks such as TextCNN, RNN, and Transformer with fewer parameters. AFIENet achieved an average accuracy of 3.82% and an F1-score of 3.88% improvement across the three datasets when using Transformer as the backbone network. The comparable results to MacBERT that obtained with static word vectors also reflect the applicability of the proposed method.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95492-yNatural language processingText classificationAdaptive feature enhancementInteraction gatePre-training
spellingShingle Rui Su
Shangbing Gao
Kefan Zhao
Junqiang Zhang
Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
Scientific Reports
Natural language processing
Text classification
Adaptive feature enhancement
Interaction gate
Pre-training
title Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
title_full Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
title_fullStr Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
title_short Adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
title_sort adaptive feature interaction enhancement network for text classification
topic Natural language processing
Text classification
Adaptive feature enhancement
Interaction gate
Pre-training
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95492-y
work_keys_str_mv AT ruisu adaptivefeatureinteractionenhancementnetworkfortextclassification
AT shangbinggao adaptivefeatureinteractionenhancementnetworkfortextclassification
AT kefanzhao adaptivefeatureinteractionenhancementnetworkfortextclassification
AT junqiangzhang adaptivefeatureinteractionenhancementnetworkfortextclassification