An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.

The antigenic repertoire presented by MHC molecules is generated by the antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway. We analyzed the evolutionary history of 45 genes involved in APP at the inter- and intra-species level. Results showed that 11 genes evolved adaptively in mammals. Several posit...

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Main Authors: Diego Forni, Rachele Cagliani, Claudia Tresoldi, Uberto Pozzoli, Luca De Gioia, Giulia Filippi, Stefania Riva, Giorgia Menozzi, Marta Colleoni, Mara Biasin, Sergio Lo Caputo, Francesco Mazzotta, Giacomo P Comi, Nereo Bresolin, Mario Clerici, Manuela Sironi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-03-01
Series:PLoS Genetics
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004189&type=printable
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author Diego Forni
Rachele Cagliani
Claudia Tresoldi
Uberto Pozzoli
Luca De Gioia
Giulia Filippi
Stefania Riva
Giorgia Menozzi
Marta Colleoni
Mara Biasin
Sergio Lo Caputo
Francesco Mazzotta
Giacomo P Comi
Nereo Bresolin
Mario Clerici
Manuela Sironi
author_facet Diego Forni
Rachele Cagliani
Claudia Tresoldi
Uberto Pozzoli
Luca De Gioia
Giulia Filippi
Stefania Riva
Giorgia Menozzi
Marta Colleoni
Mara Biasin
Sergio Lo Caputo
Francesco Mazzotta
Giacomo P Comi
Nereo Bresolin
Mario Clerici
Manuela Sironi
author_sort Diego Forni
collection DOAJ
description The antigenic repertoire presented by MHC molecules is generated by the antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway. We analyzed the evolutionary history of 45 genes involved in APP at the inter- and intra-species level. Results showed that 11 genes evolved adaptively in mammals. Several positively selected sites involve positions of fundamental importance to the protein function (e.g. the TAP1 peptide-binding domains, the sugar binding interface of langerin, and the CD1D trafficking signal region). In CYBB, all selected sites cluster in two loops protruding into the endosomal lumen; analysis of missense mutations responsible for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) showed the action of different selective forces on the very same gene region, as most CGD substitutions involve aminoacid positions that are conserved in all mammals. As for ERAP2, different computational methods indicated that positive selection has driven the recurrent appearance of protein-destabilizing variants during mammalian evolution. Application of a population-genetics phylogenetics approach showed that purifying selection represented a major force acting on some APP components (e.g. immunoproteasome subunits and chaperones) and allowed identification of positive selection events in the human lineage. We also investigated the evolutionary history of APP genes in human populations by developing a new approach that uses several different tests to identify the selection target, and that integrates low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data with Sanger sequencing. This analysis revealed that 9 APP genes underwent local adaptation in human populations. Most positive selection targets are located within noncoding regions with regulatory function in myeloid cells or act as expression quantitative trait loci. Conversely, balancing selection targeted nonsynonymous variants in TAP1 and CD207 (langerin). Finally, we suggest that selected variants in PSMB10 and CD207 contribute to human phenotypes. Thus, we used evolutionary information to generate experimentally-testable hypotheses and to provide a list of sites to prioritize in follow-up analyses.
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spelling doaj-art-8a7cdc5e19814d7cab9aa33ecbc49efc2025-08-20T02:15:28ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042014-03-01103e100418910.1371/journal.pgen.1004189An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.Diego ForniRachele CaglianiClaudia TresoldiUberto PozzoliLuca De GioiaGiulia FilippiStefania RivaGiorgia MenozziMarta ColleoniMara BiasinSergio Lo CaputoFrancesco MazzottaGiacomo P ComiNereo BresolinMario ClericiManuela SironiThe antigenic repertoire presented by MHC molecules is generated by the antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway. We analyzed the evolutionary history of 45 genes involved in APP at the inter- and intra-species level. Results showed that 11 genes evolved adaptively in mammals. Several positively selected sites involve positions of fundamental importance to the protein function (e.g. the TAP1 peptide-binding domains, the sugar binding interface of langerin, and the CD1D trafficking signal region). In CYBB, all selected sites cluster in two loops protruding into the endosomal lumen; analysis of missense mutations responsible for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) showed the action of different selective forces on the very same gene region, as most CGD substitutions involve aminoacid positions that are conserved in all mammals. As for ERAP2, different computational methods indicated that positive selection has driven the recurrent appearance of protein-destabilizing variants during mammalian evolution. Application of a population-genetics phylogenetics approach showed that purifying selection represented a major force acting on some APP components (e.g. immunoproteasome subunits and chaperones) and allowed identification of positive selection events in the human lineage. We also investigated the evolutionary history of APP genes in human populations by developing a new approach that uses several different tests to identify the selection target, and that integrates low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data with Sanger sequencing. This analysis revealed that 9 APP genes underwent local adaptation in human populations. Most positive selection targets are located within noncoding regions with regulatory function in myeloid cells or act as expression quantitative trait loci. Conversely, balancing selection targeted nonsynonymous variants in TAP1 and CD207 (langerin). Finally, we suggest that selected variants in PSMB10 and CD207 contribute to human phenotypes. Thus, we used evolutionary information to generate experimentally-testable hypotheses and to provide a list of sites to prioritize in follow-up analyses.https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004189&type=printable
spellingShingle Diego Forni
Rachele Cagliani
Claudia Tresoldi
Uberto Pozzoli
Luca De Gioia
Giulia Filippi
Stefania Riva
Giorgia Menozzi
Marta Colleoni
Mara Biasin
Sergio Lo Caputo
Francesco Mazzotta
Giacomo P Comi
Nereo Bresolin
Mario Clerici
Manuela Sironi
An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
PLoS Genetics
title An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
title_full An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
title_fullStr An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
title_full_unstemmed An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
title_short An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection.
title_sort evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection
url https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004189&type=printable
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