Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo
Abstract The aim of the study was to monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor air in nine cities/towns across the Republic of N. Macedonia and the Republic of Kosovo for nine consecutive months, using the Radiello® passive and diffusive samplers, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230170 |
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| author | Vllaznim Mula Jane Bogdanov Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva Lulzim Zeneli Zoran Zdravkovski |
| author_facet | Vllaznim Mula Jane Bogdanov Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva Lulzim Zeneli Zoran Zdravkovski |
| author_sort | Vllaznim Mula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The aim of the study was to monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor air in nine cities/towns across the Republic of N. Macedonia and the Republic of Kosovo for nine consecutive months, using the Radiello® passive and diffusive samplers, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In parallel, employing static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) technique, VOCs from different types of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuels in the monitored cities were analyzed in order to obtain the chemical profiles and to evaluate the presence of their components in ambient air. GC-MS analyses indicate that the gasoline fuel components (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and diesel fuel components (n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, and other linear alkanes) account for approximately 60% of VOCs in the outdoor air in the sampling sites. The bulk of the VOCs in the all-sampling locations regardless of the season come from fossil fuels (automotive fuels) and only minor fraction comes from biogenic emission which is dominated by monoterpenes. Furthermore, the ratios of benzene to toluene (B/T) and xylenes to ethylbenzene (X/E) were used to assess the origins of VOCs emissions in the outdoor urban air at the monitored sites. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a75c7afd7844149b5768a83bc469006 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a75c7afd7844149b5768a83bc4690062025-02-09T12:24:13ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092023-11-0124111210.4209/aaqr.230170Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and KosovoVllaznim Mula0Jane Bogdanov1Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva2Lulzim Zeneli3Zoran Zdravkovski4Faculty of Education, University “Fehmi Agani”, Str. “Ismail Qemali”Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius UniversityInstitute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius UniversityFaculty of Education, University “Fehmi Agani”, Str. “Ismail Qemali”Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius UniversityAbstract The aim of the study was to monitor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor air in nine cities/towns across the Republic of N. Macedonia and the Republic of Kosovo for nine consecutive months, using the Radiello® passive and diffusive samplers, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In parallel, employing static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) technique, VOCs from different types of commercially available gasoline and diesel fuels in the monitored cities were analyzed in order to obtain the chemical profiles and to evaluate the presence of their components in ambient air. GC-MS analyses indicate that the gasoline fuel components (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and diesel fuel components (n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, and other linear alkanes) account for approximately 60% of VOCs in the outdoor air in the sampling sites. The bulk of the VOCs in the all-sampling locations regardless of the season come from fossil fuels (automotive fuels) and only minor fraction comes from biogenic emission which is dominated by monoterpenes. Furthermore, the ratios of benzene to toluene (B/T) and xylenes to ethylbenzene (X/E) were used to assess the origins of VOCs emissions in the outdoor urban air at the monitored sites.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230170Air qualityGasolineDieselGas chromatographyPassive sampling |
| spellingShingle | Vllaznim Mula Jane Bogdanov Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva Lulzim Zeneli Zoran Zdravkovski Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo Aerosol and Air Quality Research Air quality Gasoline Diesel Gas chromatography Passive sampling |
| title | Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo |
| title_full | Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo |
| title_short | Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Using Passive Sampling: Regional Cross-Border Study between N. Macedonia and Kosovo |
| title_sort | monitoring volatile organic compounds in air using passive sampling regional cross border study between n macedonia and kosovo |
| topic | Air quality Gasoline Diesel Gas chromatography Passive sampling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230170 |
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