Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System

The problem addressed in this paper is the identification and management of risks associated with the implementation and operation of green hydrogen in the Spanish port system. The growing demand for clean energy and environmental regulations are driving the adoption of green hydrogen as a viable so...

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Main Authors: Daniel García Nielsen, Alberto Camarero-Orive, Javier Vaca-Cabrero, Nicoletta González-Cancelas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Future Transportation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/37
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author Daniel García Nielsen
Alberto Camarero-Orive
Javier Vaca-Cabrero
Nicoletta González-Cancelas
author_facet Daniel García Nielsen
Alberto Camarero-Orive
Javier Vaca-Cabrero
Nicoletta González-Cancelas
author_sort Daniel García Nielsen
collection DOAJ
description The problem addressed in this paper is the identification and management of risks associated with the implementation and operation of green hydrogen in the Spanish port system. The growing demand for clean energy and environmental regulations are driving the adoption of green hydrogen as a viable solution to decarbonize shipping. However, this transition comes with significant challenges, including safety, infrastructure, and hydrogen handling risks. In the existing literature, several authors have used methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, techniques such as FMEA (<i>Failure Modes and Effects Analysis</i>), and the evaluation of impacts and probabilities of occurrence to identify and manage risks in similar projects. These approaches have made it possible to identify potential threats and propose effective mitigation measures. In this work, a combined methodology is proposed that includes the identification of threats, risk assessment through risk matrices, and classification of these risks for their proper management. The SWIFT method (<i>Structured What-If Technique</i>) and the use of impact-probability matrices are applied. The main conclusion of the work is that, although green hydrogen has great potential for the decarbonization of the port sector, its implementation requires careful management of the risks identified. The proposed mitigation measures are essential to ensure the safety and viability of green hydrogen projects in Spanish ports.
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spelling doaj-art-8a72545a4bc34652bb0d5e06dcfd86a22025-08-20T03:24:38ZengMDPI AGFuture Transportation2673-75902025-04-01523710.3390/futuretransp5020037Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port SystemDaniel García Nielsen0Alberto Camarero-Orive1Javier Vaca-Cabrero2Nicoletta González-Cancelas3Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Transport, Territorial and Urban Planning Engineering, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Transport, Territorial and Urban Planning Engineering, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Transport, Territorial and Urban Planning Engineering, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainThe problem addressed in this paper is the identification and management of risks associated with the implementation and operation of green hydrogen in the Spanish port system. The growing demand for clean energy and environmental regulations are driving the adoption of green hydrogen as a viable solution to decarbonize shipping. However, this transition comes with significant challenges, including safety, infrastructure, and hydrogen handling risks. In the existing literature, several authors have used methodologies such as qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, techniques such as FMEA (<i>Failure Modes and Effects Analysis</i>), and the evaluation of impacts and probabilities of occurrence to identify and manage risks in similar projects. These approaches have made it possible to identify potential threats and propose effective mitigation measures. In this work, a combined methodology is proposed that includes the identification of threats, risk assessment through risk matrices, and classification of these risks for their proper management. The SWIFT method (<i>Structured What-If Technique</i>) and the use of impact-probability matrices are applied. The main conclusion of the work is that, although green hydrogen has great potential for the decarbonization of the port sector, its implementation requires careful management of the risks identified. The proposed mitigation measures are essential to ensure the safety and viability of green hydrogen projects in Spanish ports.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/37risk analysisport innovationgreen H2Spanish port systemport operational efficiencyenergy transition
spellingShingle Daniel García Nielsen
Alberto Camarero-Orive
Javier Vaca-Cabrero
Nicoletta González-Cancelas
Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
Future Transportation
risk analysis
port innovation
green H2
Spanish port system
port operational efficiency
energy transition
title Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
title_full Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
title_fullStr Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
title_full_unstemmed Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
title_short Risk Analysis on the Implementation and Operation of Green Hydrogen and Its Derivatives in the Spanish Port System
title_sort risk analysis on the implementation and operation of green hydrogen and its derivatives in the spanish port system
topic risk analysis
port innovation
green H2
Spanish port system
port operational efficiency
energy transition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/2/37
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