Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) is regarded as a promising candidate for next generation communications due to its remarkable efficiency and flexibility. In the field of wireless communications, deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN...

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Main Authors: Yang Zhao, SI-YU Zhang, Yuexia Zhang, Gongpu Wang, Behnam Shahrrava
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11107403/
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author Yang Zhao
SI-YU Zhang
Yuexia Zhang
Gongpu Wang
Behnam Shahrrava
author_facet Yang Zhao
SI-YU Zhang
Yuexia Zhang
Gongpu Wang
Behnam Shahrrava
author_sort Yang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) is regarded as a promising candidate for next generation communications due to its remarkable efficiency and flexibility. In the field of wireless communications, deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has been extensively utilized for tasks such as channel estimation and signal detection. However, CNNs' limited receptive field growth poses a challenge in capturing long range dependencies. To achieve efficient deep learning based OFDM-IM detection, this paper proposes two novel OFDM-IM signal detection networks that integrate wavelet transforms with CNNs (WTConv). The first proposed network, referred to as Dual Stage Wavelet Convolutions (DS-WTConv), adopts a dual stage architecture. It comprises an Index Feature Extraction Sub-Network (IdxNet) and a Signal Feature Reconstruction Sub-Network (DetNet). The second network, named Single Network Wavelet Convolutions (SN-WTConv), features a more compact single stage design that combines wavelet convolution and CNN layers. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that both the DS-WTConv and SN-WTConv networks exhibit superior bit error rate (BER) performance and lower computational complexity compared to existing conventional and deep learning-based approaches. Compared to the existing deep learning based detection schemes, the proposed WTConv-based networks reduce the BER by up to 35.3%, and the running time by up to 30.1%. Compared to the optimal Maximum likelihood (ML) method, the proposed DS-WTConv and SN-WTConv achieve approximately 19.2 times and 11.3 times faster runtime, respectively.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2644-1330
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
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series IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology
spelling doaj-art-8a6118e006c14508a8fb73af2ed51a2b2025-08-25T23:19:06ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology2644-13302025-01-0162210222310.1109/OJVT.2025.359520011107403Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM SystemsYang Zhao0SI-YU Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-9228Yuexia Zhang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-473XGongpu Wang3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-3162Behnam Shahrrava4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-4167School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Ontario, ON, CanadaOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) is regarded as a promising candidate for next generation communications due to its remarkable efficiency and flexibility. In the field of wireless communications, deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has been extensively utilized for tasks such as channel estimation and signal detection. However, CNNs' limited receptive field growth poses a challenge in capturing long range dependencies. To achieve efficient deep learning based OFDM-IM detection, this paper proposes two novel OFDM-IM signal detection networks that integrate wavelet transforms with CNNs (WTConv). The first proposed network, referred to as Dual Stage Wavelet Convolutions (DS-WTConv), adopts a dual stage architecture. It comprises an Index Feature Extraction Sub-Network (IdxNet) and a Signal Feature Reconstruction Sub-Network (DetNet). The second network, named Single Network Wavelet Convolutions (SN-WTConv), features a more compact single stage design that combines wavelet convolution and CNN layers. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that both the DS-WTConv and SN-WTConv networks exhibit superior bit error rate (BER) performance and lower computational complexity compared to existing conventional and deep learning-based approaches. Compared to the existing deep learning based detection schemes, the proposed WTConv-based networks reduce the BER by up to 35.3%, and the running time by up to 30.1%. Compared to the optimal Maximum likelihood (ML) method, the proposed DS-WTConv and SN-WTConv achieve approximately 19.2 times and 11.3 times faster runtime, respectively.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11107403/Deep learningwavelet transformconvolutional neural networkwavelet convolutionindex modulationorthogonal frequency division multiplexing
spellingShingle Yang Zhao
SI-YU Zhang
Yuexia Zhang
Gongpu Wang
Behnam Shahrrava
Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology
Deep learning
wavelet transform
convolutional neural network
wavelet convolution
index modulation
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
title Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
title_full Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
title_fullStr Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
title_full_unstemmed Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
title_short Novel Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks for Signal Detection in OFDM-IM Systems
title_sort novel wavelet convolutional neural networks for signal detection in ofdm im systems
topic Deep learning
wavelet transform
convolutional neural network
wavelet convolution
index modulation
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11107403/
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