Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex

Abstract Biological membranes are not just passive barriers—they actively sense and respond to mechanical forces, in part through specialized proteins embedded within them. Among these are Stomatin-family proteins, which are known to influence membrane stiffness and regulate ion channels, yet how th...

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Main Authors: Jack Stoner, Shufang Li, Ziao Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62859-8
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author Jack Stoner
Shufang Li
Ziao Fu
author_facet Jack Stoner
Shufang Li
Ziao Fu
author_sort Jack Stoner
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Biological membranes are not just passive barriers—they actively sense and respond to mechanical forces, in part through specialized proteins embedded within them. Among these are Stomatin-family proteins, which are known to influence membrane stiffness and regulate ion channels, yet how they achieve these functions at the molecular level has remained elusive. Here, we report the 2.2 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human Stomatin complex in a native membrane environment. We find that Stomatin assembles into a 16-subunit ring-shaped homo-oligomer, forming a ~12 nm-wide cage that defines a mechanically distinct, curvature-resistant membrane microdomain. While the majority of the complex exhibits C16 symmetry, the C-terminal domains adopt two alternating conformations, producing a symmetry-broken hydrophobic β-barrel pore with local C8 symmetry. The membrane beneath the complex remains flat despite surrounding curvature, indicating localized membrane stiffening. The structure reveals a conserved network of inter-subunit salt bridges that stabilize the assembly. These findings provide a molecular framework for how Stomatin oligomers shape membrane architecture and mechanics, offering insight into their roles in mechanotransduction and diseases such as nephrotic syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-8a5f284c445a45bc9fae000510a6c0a62025-08-20T03:46:09ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-011611910.1038/s41467-025-62859-8Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complexJack Stoner0Shufang Li1Ziao Fu2Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of MedicineCenter for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineAbstract Biological membranes are not just passive barriers—they actively sense and respond to mechanical forces, in part through specialized proteins embedded within them. Among these are Stomatin-family proteins, which are known to influence membrane stiffness and regulate ion channels, yet how they achieve these functions at the molecular level has remained elusive. Here, we report the 2.2 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human Stomatin complex in a native membrane environment. We find that Stomatin assembles into a 16-subunit ring-shaped homo-oligomer, forming a ~12 nm-wide cage that defines a mechanically distinct, curvature-resistant membrane microdomain. While the majority of the complex exhibits C16 symmetry, the C-terminal domains adopt two alternating conformations, producing a symmetry-broken hydrophobic β-barrel pore with local C8 symmetry. The membrane beneath the complex remains flat despite surrounding curvature, indicating localized membrane stiffening. The structure reveals a conserved network of inter-subunit salt bridges that stabilize the assembly. These findings provide a molecular framework for how Stomatin oligomers shape membrane architecture and mechanics, offering insight into their roles in mechanotransduction and diseases such as nephrotic syndrome.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62859-8
spellingShingle Jack Stoner
Shufang Li
Ziao Fu
Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
Nature Communications
title Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
title_full Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
title_fullStr Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
title_full_unstemmed Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
title_short Structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human Stomatin complex
title_sort structural basis for membrane microdomain formation by a human stomatin complex
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62859-8
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