Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)

Abstract Background 3D-printed denture base resins have limited mechanical properties; therefore, several attempts were made to improve such properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modifying a 3D-printed denture base resin with nanozeolite particles on dimensional accuracy (D...

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Main Authors: Pansai A. Mohamed, Omnia Ghabour, Yomna Ibrahim, Mai M. Eldokmak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06142-8
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author Pansai A. Mohamed
Omnia Ghabour
Yomna Ibrahim
Mai M. Eldokmak
author_facet Pansai A. Mohamed
Omnia Ghabour
Yomna Ibrahim
Mai M. Eldokmak
author_sort Pansai A. Mohamed
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background 3D-printed denture base resins have limited mechanical properties; therefore, several attempts were made to improve such properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modifying a 3D-printed denture base resin with nanozeolite particles on dimensional accuracy (DA), fracture toughness (FT), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and surface roughness (SR). Methods Nanozeolite particles were added to 3D-printed methacrylate-based denture base resin to produce the following groups: Control, 0.25% nanozeolite, and 0.5% nanozeolite. Dimensional accuracy was assessed with a digital calliper. Fracture toughness was assessed by the single edge notched beam method (SENB) followed by Weibull analysis and work of failure. Biaxial flexural strength was tested with a universal testing machine and surface roughness was assessed with a contact profilometer. FT, BFS, and SR were assessed before and after thermal cycling of 600 cycles. Two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post hoc test were conducted for FT, BFS, and SR. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the percent error in length, width, thickness, and percent change in FT, BFS, and surface roughness among groups with subsequent Dunn post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results The printing DA results revealed that the control had the highest percent error in length and width with no significant difference among the study groups, whereas the 0.5% nanozeolite group presented the highest percent error in thickness with a significant difference compared to the control. The results of FT displayed a significant statistical interaction between the resin filler content and thermal cycling (P = 0.001). BFS was significantly affected by the nanozeolite filler content (P < 0.001) with the 0.25% nanozeolite group displaying the highest mean values before and after thermal cycling. The SR results revealed a statistically significant interaction between the filler content and thermal aging (P < 0.001). The 0.5% nanozeolite group displayed the lowest SR mean values before and after thermal aging. Conclusions The addition of nanozeolite enhanced the FT, BFS, and SR, however, care should be given to the optimum percentage added to the resin to attain optimum properties which would enhance the clinical performance of the denture bases and their longevity.
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spelling doaj-art-8a42c19126c84cbd81041f426994aa8f2025-08-20T02:29:51ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-05-0125111210.1186/s12903-025-06142-8Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)Pansai A. Mohamed0Omnia Ghabour1Yomna Ibrahim2Mai M. Eldokmak3Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityAbstract Background 3D-printed denture base resins have limited mechanical properties; therefore, several attempts were made to improve such properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modifying a 3D-printed denture base resin with nanozeolite particles on dimensional accuracy (DA), fracture toughness (FT), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), and surface roughness (SR). Methods Nanozeolite particles were added to 3D-printed methacrylate-based denture base resin to produce the following groups: Control, 0.25% nanozeolite, and 0.5% nanozeolite. Dimensional accuracy was assessed with a digital calliper. Fracture toughness was assessed by the single edge notched beam method (SENB) followed by Weibull analysis and work of failure. Biaxial flexural strength was tested with a universal testing machine and surface roughness was assessed with a contact profilometer. FT, BFS, and SR were assessed before and after thermal cycling of 600 cycles. Two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post hoc test were conducted for FT, BFS, and SR. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the percent error in length, width, thickness, and percent change in FT, BFS, and surface roughness among groups with subsequent Dunn post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results The printing DA results revealed that the control had the highest percent error in length and width with no significant difference among the study groups, whereas the 0.5% nanozeolite group presented the highest percent error in thickness with a significant difference compared to the control. The results of FT displayed a significant statistical interaction between the resin filler content and thermal cycling (P = 0.001). BFS was significantly affected by the nanozeolite filler content (P < 0.001) with the 0.25% nanozeolite group displaying the highest mean values before and after thermal cycling. The SR results revealed a statistically significant interaction between the filler content and thermal aging (P < 0.001). The 0.5% nanozeolite group displayed the lowest SR mean values before and after thermal aging. Conclusions The addition of nanozeolite enhanced the FT, BFS, and SR, however, care should be given to the optimum percentage added to the resin to attain optimum properties which would enhance the clinical performance of the denture bases and their longevity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06142-83D-printingDenture base resinsNanozeoliteThermal cyclingWeibull analysis
spellingShingle Pansai A. Mohamed
Omnia Ghabour
Yomna Ibrahim
Mai M. Eldokmak
Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
BMC Oral Health
3D-printing
Denture base resins
Nanozeolite
Thermal cycling
Weibull analysis
title Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
title_full Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
title_fullStr Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
title_short Assessment of dimensional accuracy, fracture toughness, biaxial flexural strength, and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3D-printed denture base resin (In-vitro study)
title_sort assessment of dimensional accuracy fracture toughness biaxial flexural strength and surface roughness of nanozeolite reinforced 3d printed denture base resin in vitro study
topic 3D-printing
Denture base resins
Nanozeolite
Thermal cycling
Weibull analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06142-8
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AT yomnaibrahim assessmentofdimensionalaccuracyfracturetoughnessbiaxialflexuralstrengthandsurfaceroughnessofnanozeolitereinforced3dprinteddenturebaseresininvitrostudy
AT maimeldokmak assessmentofdimensionalaccuracyfracturetoughnessbiaxialflexuralstrengthandsurfaceroughnessofnanozeolitereinforced3dprinteddenturebaseresininvitrostudy