Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions
With the increasing integration of conditionally automated Level 3 systems into real-world traffic, concerns about their impact on traffic efficiency and capacity have emerged. When such systems reach their operational limits, mandatory control transitions could disrupt traffic flow and reduce overa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Future Transportation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffutr.2025.1600739/full |
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| author | Robert Alms Peter Wagner Peter Wagner |
| author_facet | Robert Alms Peter Wagner Peter Wagner |
| author_sort | Robert Alms |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the increasing integration of conditionally automated Level 3 systems into real-world traffic, concerns about their impact on traffic efficiency and capacity have emerged. When such systems reach their operational limits, mandatory control transitions could disrupt traffic flow and reduce overall capacity. This study employs large-scale simulations and numerical experiments to analyze these effects and quantify potential capacity constraints. The results of the two-lane highway scenario show an experimental capacity reduction of up to 2000 veh/h in an almost fully automated but unmanaged traffic mix, corresponding to a loss of about 60%. Control transition-related effects become increasingly pronounced at a Level 3 penetration rate between 10% and 20%. Estimated capacity reductions suggest that the maxima in time headway increments during the transition phase contribute most to these effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a39c3e4c9ee49dcbd1acb87fc71534a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-5210 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Future Transportation |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a39c3e4c9ee49dcbd1acb87fc71534a2025-08-20T03:29:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Future Transportation2673-52102025-07-01610.3389/ffutr.2025.16007391600739Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitionsRobert Alms0Peter Wagner1Peter Wagner2Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Land and Sea Transport Systems, TU Berlin, Berlin, GermanyWith the increasing integration of conditionally automated Level 3 systems into real-world traffic, concerns about their impact on traffic efficiency and capacity have emerged. When such systems reach their operational limits, mandatory control transitions could disrupt traffic flow and reduce overall capacity. This study employs large-scale simulations and numerical experiments to analyze these effects and quantify potential capacity constraints. The results of the two-lane highway scenario show an experimental capacity reduction of up to 2000 veh/h in an almost fully automated but unmanaged traffic mix, corresponding to a loss of about 60%. Control transition-related effects become increasingly pronounced at a Level 3 penetration rate between 10% and 20%. Estimated capacity reductions suggest that the maxima in time headway increments during the transition phase contribute most to these effects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffutr.2025.1600739/fullautomated vehicles (AVs)level 3 automationmixed-autonomy traffictraffic capacitytransition of control (ToC) |
| spellingShingle | Robert Alms Peter Wagner Peter Wagner Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions Frontiers in Future Transportation automated vehicles (AVs) level 3 automation mixed-autonomy traffic traffic capacity transition of control (ToC) |
| title | Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| title_full | Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| title_fullStr | Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| title_short | Traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| title_sort | traffic capacity constraints from level 3 control transitions |
| topic | automated vehicles (AVs) level 3 automation mixed-autonomy traffic traffic capacity transition of control (ToC) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffutr.2025.1600739/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT robertalms trafficcapacityconstraintsfromlevel3controltransitions AT peterwagner trafficcapacityconstraintsfromlevel3controltransitions AT peterwagner trafficcapacityconstraintsfromlevel3controltransitions |