The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains
<b>Background/Objective:</b> Duck virus hepatitis (DVH), caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses significant challenges to duck farming due to high mortality rates in young ducklings. Despite the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines, the genetic diversity within DHAV strains...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1416 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850037039096922112 |
|---|---|
| author | Sang-Won Kim Cheng-Dong Yu Jong-Yeol Park Xiu-Li Ma Tong Zhu Yu-Feng Li Se-Yeoun Cha Hyung-Kwan Jang Min Kang Bai Wei |
| author_facet | Sang-Won Kim Cheng-Dong Yu Jong-Yeol Park Xiu-Li Ma Tong Zhu Yu-Feng Li Se-Yeoun Cha Hyung-Kwan Jang Min Kang Bai Wei |
| author_sort | Sang-Won Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objective:</b> Duck virus hepatitis (DVH), caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses significant challenges to duck farming due to high mortality rates in young ducklings. Despite the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines, the genetic diversity within DHAV strains has diminished their cross-protection efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of current DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines against genetically divergent wild strains. <b>Methods:</b> Phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 genes from DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 were conducted. Both DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines were tested in ducklings, with and without maternal-derived antibodies (MDA), through challenge trials with homologous and heterologous strains. <b>Results:</b> In the phylogenetic analysis, compared to vaccine strains, DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 field variant strains were classified into different genotypes. In ducklings without MDA, the DHAV-1 vaccine provided 60% survival against homologous strains by 2 days post-vaccination (DPV) and complete protection by 4 DPV, while survival rates against heterologous strains ranged from 40 to 60%. In ducklings with MDA, the DHAV-1 vaccine provided full protection with an additional vaccination for day-old ducklings against heterologous strains. The DHAV-3 vaccine conferred complete protection against both homologous and heterologous strains by 2 DPV, regardless of MDA presence. <b>Conclusions:</b> The DHAV-3 vaccine demonstrated robust cross-protection across genotypes, while the DHAV-1 vaccine showed limitations against genetically divergent strains. These findings highlight the necessity for genotype-matched vaccines and optimized immunization strategies to enhance protection against evolving DHAV field strains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a323228609344efafcc708a0298a93d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a323228609344efafcc708a0298a93d2025-08-20T02:56:58ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-011212141610.3390/vaccines12121416The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant StrainsSang-Won Kim0Cheng-Dong Yu1Jong-Yeol Park2Xiu-Li Ma3Tong Zhu4Yu-Feng Li5Se-Yeoun Cha6Hyung-Kwan Jang7Min Kang8Bai Wei9Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea<b>Background/Objective:</b> Duck virus hepatitis (DVH), caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), poses significant challenges to duck farming due to high mortality rates in young ducklings. Despite the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines, the genetic diversity within DHAV strains has diminished their cross-protection efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of current DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines against genetically divergent wild strains. <b>Methods:</b> Phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 genes from DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 were conducted. Both DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines were tested in ducklings, with and without maternal-derived antibodies (MDA), through challenge trials with homologous and heterologous strains. <b>Results:</b> In the phylogenetic analysis, compared to vaccine strains, DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 field variant strains were classified into different genotypes. In ducklings without MDA, the DHAV-1 vaccine provided 60% survival against homologous strains by 2 days post-vaccination (DPV) and complete protection by 4 DPV, while survival rates against heterologous strains ranged from 40 to 60%. In ducklings with MDA, the DHAV-1 vaccine provided full protection with an additional vaccination for day-old ducklings against heterologous strains. The DHAV-3 vaccine conferred complete protection against both homologous and heterologous strains by 2 DPV, regardless of MDA presence. <b>Conclusions:</b> The DHAV-3 vaccine demonstrated robust cross-protection across genotypes, while the DHAV-1 vaccine showed limitations against genetically divergent strains. These findings highlight the necessity for genotype-matched vaccines and optimized immunization strategies to enhance protection against evolving DHAV field strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1416duck hepatitis A virusgenetic diversityvaccine efficacycross-protection |
| spellingShingle | Sang-Won Kim Cheng-Dong Yu Jong-Yeol Park Xiu-Li Ma Tong Zhu Yu-Feng Li Se-Yeoun Cha Hyung-Kwan Jang Min Kang Bai Wei The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains Vaccines duck hepatitis A virus genetic diversity vaccine efficacy cross-protection |
| title | The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains |
| title_full | The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains |
| title_short | The Impact of Genetic Variation on Duck Hepatitis A Virus (DHAV) Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Against Emerging Variant Strains |
| title_sort | impact of genetic variation on duck hepatitis a virus dhav vaccine efficacy a comparative study of dhav 1 and dhav 3 against emerging variant strains |
| topic | duck hepatitis A virus genetic diversity vaccine efficacy cross-protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1416 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sangwonkim theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT chengdongyu theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT jongyeolpark theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT xiulima theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT tongzhu theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT yufengli theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT seyeouncha theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT hyungkwanjang theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT minkang theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT baiwei theimpactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT sangwonkim impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT chengdongyu impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT jongyeolpark impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT xiulima impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT tongzhu impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT yufengli impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT seyeouncha impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT hyungkwanjang impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT minkang impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains AT baiwei impactofgeneticvariationonduckhepatitisavirusdhavvaccineefficacyacomparativestudyofdhav1anddhav3againstemergingvariantstrains |