Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
The shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness level...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| author | Yuxin Zhang Hui Gao Xiaohong Fang Shuting Xing Long Xiao Longchen Duan |
| author_facet | Yuxin Zhang Hui Gao Xiaohong Fang Shuting Xing Long Xiao Longchen Duan |
| author_sort | Yuxin Zhang |
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| description | The shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness levels were prepared to explore the relationship between compactness and cone tip resistance in static cone penetration tests (CPTs). The compactness values at different depths were measured layer by layer, and CPTs were carried out. The results indicate that the cone tip resistance continuously increases with the increase in the penetration depth until it reaches a peak, and then remains constant for a certain depth. The cone tip resistance after the normalization of the overburden stress gradually increases and then decreases after reaching the peak. Models of the relationship between cone tip resistance before and after normalization and compactness were constructed using a regression algorithm. The variation in lunar soil compactness with depth can be determined by measuring cone tip resistance with this model. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for in situ testing, site selection for lunar bases, and other related aspects on the lunar surface. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a2732a0b0de47a79e0a4e0529db971e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a2732a0b0de47a79e0a4e0529db971e2025-08-20T02:35:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011513755310.3390/app15137553Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration TestYuxin Zhang0Hui Gao1Xiaohong Fang2Shuting Xing3Long Xiao4Longchen Duan5Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Planetary Science Institute, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness levels were prepared to explore the relationship between compactness and cone tip resistance in static cone penetration tests (CPTs). The compactness values at different depths were measured layer by layer, and CPTs were carried out. The results indicate that the cone tip resistance continuously increases with the increase in the penetration depth until it reaches a peak, and then remains constant for a certain depth. The cone tip resistance after the normalization of the overburden stress gradually increases and then decreases after reaching the peak. Models of the relationship between cone tip resistance before and after normalization and compactness were constructed using a regression algorithm. The variation in lunar soil compactness with depth can be determined by measuring cone tip resistance with this model. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for in situ testing, site selection for lunar bases, and other related aspects on the lunar surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7553lunar soil simulantstatic cone penetration testcone tip resistancecompactnessconstruction on the lunar surface |
| spellingShingle | Yuxin Zhang Hui Gao Xiaohong Fang Shuting Xing Long Xiao Longchen Duan Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test Applied Sciences lunar soil simulant static cone penetration test cone tip resistance compactness construction on the lunar surface |
| title | Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test |
| title_full | Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test |
| title_fullStr | Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test |
| title_short | Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test |
| title_sort | research on the compactness of lunar soil simulant based on static cone penetration test |
| topic | lunar soil simulant static cone penetration test cone tip resistance compactness construction on the lunar surface |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7553 |
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