Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test

The shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness level...

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Main Authors: Yuxin Zhang, Hui Gao, Xiaohong Fang, Shuting Xing, Long Xiao, Longchen Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7553
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author Yuxin Zhang
Hui Gao
Xiaohong Fang
Shuting Xing
Long Xiao
Longchen Duan
author_facet Yuxin Zhang
Hui Gao
Xiaohong Fang
Shuting Xing
Long Xiao
Longchen Duan
author_sort Yuxin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness levels were prepared to explore the relationship between compactness and cone tip resistance in static cone penetration tests (CPTs). The compactness values at different depths were measured layer by layer, and CPTs were carried out. The results indicate that the cone tip resistance continuously increases with the increase in the penetration depth until it reaches a peak, and then remains constant for a certain depth. The cone tip resistance after the normalization of the overburden stress gradually increases and then decreases after reaching the peak. Models of the relationship between cone tip resistance before and after normalization and compactness were constructed using a regression algorithm. The variation in lunar soil compactness with depth can be determined by measuring cone tip resistance with this model. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for in situ testing, site selection for lunar bases, and other related aspects on the lunar surface.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-8a2732a0b0de47a79e0a4e0529db971e2025-08-20T02:35:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011513755310.3390/app15137553Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration TestYuxin Zhang0Hui Gao1Xiaohong Fang2Shuting Xing3Long Xiao4Longchen Duan5Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Planetary Science Institute, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe shear strength and bearing characteristics of lunar soil have a strong connection with its compactness. The compactness varies significantly with depth and has an important effect on engineering activities on the lunar surface. In this study, lunar soil simulant samples of four compactness levels were prepared to explore the relationship between compactness and cone tip resistance in static cone penetration tests (CPTs). The compactness values at different depths were measured layer by layer, and CPTs were carried out. The results indicate that the cone tip resistance continuously increases with the increase in the penetration depth until it reaches a peak, and then remains constant for a certain depth. The cone tip resistance after the normalization of the overburden stress gradually increases and then decreases after reaching the peak. Models of the relationship between cone tip resistance before and after normalization and compactness were constructed using a regression algorithm. The variation in lunar soil compactness with depth can be determined by measuring cone tip resistance with this model. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for in situ testing, site selection for lunar bases, and other related aspects on the lunar surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7553lunar soil simulantstatic cone penetration testcone tip resistancecompactnessconstruction on the lunar surface
spellingShingle Yuxin Zhang
Hui Gao
Xiaohong Fang
Shuting Xing
Long Xiao
Longchen Duan
Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
Applied Sciences
lunar soil simulant
static cone penetration test
cone tip resistance
compactness
construction on the lunar surface
title Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
title_full Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
title_fullStr Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
title_short Research on the Compactness of Lunar Soil Simulant Based on Static Cone Penetration Test
title_sort research on the compactness of lunar soil simulant based on static cone penetration test
topic lunar soil simulant
static cone penetration test
cone tip resistance
compactness
construction on the lunar surface
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7553
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AT xiaohongfang researchonthecompactnessoflunarsoilsimulantbasedonstaticconepenetrationtest
AT shutingxing researchonthecompactnessoflunarsoilsimulantbasedonstaticconepenetrationtest
AT longxiao researchonthecompactnessoflunarsoilsimulantbasedonstaticconepenetrationtest
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