Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates
The fidelity of entangling operations is a key figure of merit in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum error correction. High-fidelity entangling gates in neutral atoms have seen remarkable advancement recently. A full understanding of error sources and their respecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Physical Society
2025-02-01
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| Series: | PRX Quantum |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331 |
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| author | Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai Xiangkai Sun Adam L. Shaw Ran Finkelstein Manuel Endres |
| author_facet | Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai Xiangkai Sun Adam L. Shaw Ran Finkelstein Manuel Endres |
| author_sort | Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fidelity of entangling operations is a key figure of merit in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum error correction. High-fidelity entangling gates in neutral atoms have seen remarkable advancement recently. A full understanding of error sources and their respective contributions to gate infidelity will enable the prediction of fundamental limits on quantum gates in neutral atom platforms with realistic experimental constraints. In this work, we implement the time-optimal Rydberg controlled-Z (CZ) gate, design a circuit to benchmark its fidelity, and achieve a fidelity, averaged over symmetric input states, of 0.9971(5), downward corrected for leakage error, which together with our recent work [Nature 634, 321–327 (2024)] forms a new state of the art for neutral atoms. The remaining infidelity is explained by an ab initio error model, consistent with our experimental results over a range of gate speeds, with varying contributions from different error sources. Further, we develop a fidelity response theory to efficiently predict infidelity from laser noise with nontrivial power spectral densities and derive scaling laws of infidelity with gate speed. Besides its capability of predicting gate fidelity, we also utilize the fidelity response theory to compare and optimize gate protocols, to learn laser frequency noise, and to study the noise response for quantum simulation tasks. Finally, we predict that a CZ gate fidelity of ≳0.999 is feasible with realistic experimental upgrades. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a1e1863dfa34546bd44ca1f26e64ed8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2691-3399 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PRX Quantum |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a1e1863dfa34546bd44ca1f26e64ed82025-08-20T03:11:43ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-02-016101033110.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling GatesRichard Bing-Shiun TsaiXiangkai SunAdam L. ShawRan FinkelsteinManuel EndresThe fidelity of entangling operations is a key figure of merit in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum error correction. High-fidelity entangling gates in neutral atoms have seen remarkable advancement recently. A full understanding of error sources and their respective contributions to gate infidelity will enable the prediction of fundamental limits on quantum gates in neutral atom platforms with realistic experimental constraints. In this work, we implement the time-optimal Rydberg controlled-Z (CZ) gate, design a circuit to benchmark its fidelity, and achieve a fidelity, averaged over symmetric input states, of 0.9971(5), downward corrected for leakage error, which together with our recent work [Nature 634, 321–327 (2024)] forms a new state of the art for neutral atoms. The remaining infidelity is explained by an ab initio error model, consistent with our experimental results over a range of gate speeds, with varying contributions from different error sources. Further, we develop a fidelity response theory to efficiently predict infidelity from laser noise with nontrivial power spectral densities and derive scaling laws of infidelity with gate speed. Besides its capability of predicting gate fidelity, we also utilize the fidelity response theory to compare and optimize gate protocols, to learn laser frequency noise, and to study the noise response for quantum simulation tasks. Finally, we predict that a CZ gate fidelity of ≳0.999 is feasible with realistic experimental upgrades.http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331 |
| spellingShingle | Richard Bing-Shiun Tsai Xiangkai Sun Adam L. Shaw Ran Finkelstein Manuel Endres Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates PRX Quantum |
| title | Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates |
| title_full | Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates |
| title_fullStr | Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates |
| title_short | Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates |
| title_sort | benchmarking and fidelity response theory of high fidelity rydberg entangling gates |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331 |
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