Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

This study presents the taxonomic description and ecological data of two unique ant species, Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and Formica tibetana n.sp., found in the high-altitude grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012, F. tibetana n.sp. was identified...

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Main Authors: Roland Schultz, Bernhard Seifert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2025-04-01
Series:Soil Organisms
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Online Access:https://soil-organisms.org/index.php/SO/article/view/452
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author Roland Schultz
Bernhard Seifert
author_facet Roland Schultz
Bernhard Seifert
author_sort Roland Schultz
collection DOAJ
description This study presents the taxonomic description and ecological data of two unique ant species, Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and Formica tibetana n.sp., found in the high-altitude grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012, F. tibetana n.sp. was identified as a distinct species. It develops locally an unusual nest architecture showing a flat, hardened, south-facing upper surface that optimizes solar heat absorption for early brood development. Morphological analyses revealed that F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis form a common clade that supposedly split off near to the root of the genus Formica. Both species  are characterized by a rare anteromedian clypeal excavation, a feature otherwise known for the Palaearctic only in Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 and several  Nearctic species of the Formica sanguinea group. Morphology does not indicate a close relatedness of F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis  with members of the Formica sanguinea group which is supported by full absence of dulosis and independent single-queen colony foundation confirmed for F. tibetana  n.sp.  A stereomicroscopic analysis of morphological traits, including shape characters, seta characters and absolute body size proved that both species are clearly separable on worker individual level. This study provides insights into the biology of F. tibetana n.sp. and shows that the species plays a significant role in the Tibetan grassland ecosystems. 
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spelling doaj-art-8a072baee4134d48b50c0b8b9300e8ef2025-08-20T02:27:41ZengSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungSoil Organisms1864-64172509-95232025-04-0197110.25674/452Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)Roland Schultz0Bernhard Seifert1Senckenberg Museum of Natural History GörlitzSenckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz This study presents the taxonomic description and ecological data of two unique ant species, Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and Formica tibetana n.sp., found in the high-altitude grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012, F. tibetana n.sp. was identified as a distinct species. It develops locally an unusual nest architecture showing a flat, hardened, south-facing upper surface that optimizes solar heat absorption for early brood development. Morphological analyses revealed that F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis form a common clade that supposedly split off near to the root of the genus Formica. Both species  are characterized by a rare anteromedian clypeal excavation, a feature otherwise known for the Palaearctic only in Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 and several  Nearctic species of the Formica sanguinea group. Morphology does not indicate a close relatedness of F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis  with members of the Formica sanguinea group which is supported by full absence of dulosis and independent single-queen colony foundation confirmed for F. tibetana  n.sp.  A stereomicroscopic analysis of morphological traits, including shape characters, seta characters and absolute body size proved that both species are clearly separable on worker individual level. This study provides insights into the biology of F. tibetana n.sp. and shows that the species plays a significant role in the Tibetan grassland ecosystems.  https://soil-organisms.org/index.php/SO/article/view/452Formica antsTibetan Plateaunumeric morphology-based alpha-taxonomynest architecture adaptation
spellingShingle Roland Schultz
Bernhard Seifert
Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Soil Organisms
Formica ants
Tibetan Plateau
numeric morphology-based alpha-taxonomy
nest architecture adaptation
title Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
title_full Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
title_fullStr Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
title_full_unstemmed Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
title_short Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
title_sort formica sentschuensis ruzsky 1915 and f tibetana n sp two unique and little known formica species from tibet hymenoptera formicidae
topic Formica ants
Tibetan Plateau
numeric morphology-based alpha-taxonomy
nest architecture adaptation
url https://soil-organisms.org/index.php/SO/article/view/452
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