Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and F. tibetana n. sp. – two unique and little known Formica species from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

This study presents the taxonomic description and ecological data of two unique ant species, Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and Formica tibetana n.sp., found in the high-altitude grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012, F. tibetana n.sp. was identified...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Roland Schultz, Bernhard Seifert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2025-04-01
Series:Soil Organisms
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Online Access:https://soil-organisms.org/index.php/SO/article/view/452
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Summary:This study presents the taxonomic description and ecological data of two unique ant species, Formica sentschuensis Ruzsky 1915 and Formica tibetana n.sp., found in the high-altitude grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012, F. tibetana n.sp. was identified as a distinct species. It develops locally an unusual nest architecture showing a flat, hardened, south-facing upper surface that optimizes solar heat absorption for early brood development. Morphological analyses revealed that F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis form a common clade that supposedly split off near to the root of the genus Formica. Both species  are characterized by a rare anteromedian clypeal excavation, a feature otherwise known for the Palaearctic only in Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798 and several  Nearctic species of the Formica sanguinea group. Morphology does not indicate a close relatedness of F. tibetana n.sp. and F. sentschuensis  with members of the Formica sanguinea group which is supported by full absence of dulosis and independent single-queen colony foundation confirmed for F. tibetana  n.sp.  A stereomicroscopic analysis of morphological traits, including shape characters, seta characters and absolute body size proved that both species are clearly separable on worker individual level. This study provides insights into the biology of F. tibetana n.sp. and shows that the species plays a significant role in the Tibetan grassland ecosystems. 
ISSN:1864-6417
2509-9523